使用RMAN进行基于时间点的不完全恢复 上周一个朋友的数据库发生误删除操作，请我帮忙进行恢复。
由于备份比较充分，所以只需要通过RMAN进行一个基于时间点（这个时间点需要根据故障时间进行判断选取）。
首先启动实例:
[oracle@stat ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=order
[oracle@stat ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.2.0 - Production on Thu Sep 14 22:43:50 2006
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database (not started)
RMAN> set DBID=1341966532
executing command: SET DBID
RMAN> startup nomount;
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 2483027968 bytes
Fixed Size 1262344 bytes
Variable Size 654314744 bytes
Database Buffers 1811939328 bytes
Redo Buffers 15511552 bytes
Variable Size 654314744 bytes
Database Buffers 1811939328 bytes
Redo Buffers 15511552 bytes
恢复数据文件并加载(mount)数据库:
RMAN> restore controlfile from autobackup;
Starting restore at 14-SEP-06
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=541 devtype=DISK
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=541 devtype=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: looking for autobackup on day: 20060914
channel ORA_DISK_1: autobackup found: c-1341966532-20060914-02
channel ORA_DISK_1: control file restore from autobackup complete
output filename=/oradata/controlfile/o1_mf_28spy45z_.ctl
output filename=/oradata/controlfile/o2_mf_28spy45z_.ctl
Finished restore at 14-SEP-06
channel ORA_DISK_1: autobackup found: c-1341966532-20060914-02
channel ORA_DISK_1: control file restore from autobackup complete
output filename=/oradata/controlfile/o1_mf_28spy45z_.ctl
output filename=/oradata/controlfile/o2_mf_28spy45z_.ctl
Finished restore at 14-SEP-06
RMAN> alter database mount;
database mounted
released channel: ORA_DISK_1
released channel: ORA_DISK_1
Restore数据库:
RMAN> restore database;
Starting restore at 14-SEP-06
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=541 devtype=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=541 devtype=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
restoring datafile 00001 to /oradata/datafile/o1_mf_system_28spy7kl_.dbf
restoring datafile 00002 to /oradata/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_28spykdh_.dbf
restoring datafile 00003 to /oradata/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_28spyo9s_.dbf
restoring datafile 00004 to /oradata/datafile/o1_mf_users_28spyvm8_.dbf
restoring datafile 00005 to /oradata/datafile/o1_mf_vascms_2c444bhj_.dbf
restoring datafile 00006 to /oradata/datafile/o1_mf_wapgame_2c44gz55_.dbf
restoring datafile 00007 to /oradata/datafile/o1_mf_vascms_2c4kn0b2_.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /data3/ordrbak/full_ORDER_20060913_169
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
piece handle=/data3/ordrbak/orderfullback_ORDER_20060913_169 tag=order
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:03:06
Finished restore at 14-SEP-06
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
restoring datafile 00001 to /oradata/datafile/o1_mf_system_28spy7kl_.dbf
restoring datafile 00002 to /oradata/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_28spykdh_.dbf
restoring datafile 00003 to /oradata/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_28spyo9s_.dbf
restoring datafile 00004 to /oradata/datafile/o1_mf_users_28spyvm8_.dbf
restoring datafile 00005 to /oradata/datafile/o1_mf_vascms_2c444bhj_.dbf
restoring datafile 00006 to /oradata/datafile/o1_mf_wapgame_2c44gz55_.dbf
restoring datafile 00007 to /oradata/datafile/o1_mf_vascms_2c4kn0b2_.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /data3/ordrbak/full_ORDER_20060913_169
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
piece handle=/data3/ordrbak/orderfullback_ORDER_20060913_169 tag=order
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:03:06
Finished restore at 14-SEP-06
进行基于时间点的恢复：
RMAN> recover database until time '2006-09-14 19:00:00'
2> ;
Starting recover at 14-SEP-06
using channel ORA_DISK_1
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
using channel ORA_DISK_1
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of recover command at 09/14/2006 22:49:54
ORA-01861: literal does not match format string
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of recover command at 09/14/2006 22:49:54
ORA-01861: literal does not match format string
RMAN> exit
Recovery Manager complete.
这个错误是由于时间日期格式设置的问题。
设置正确的时间格式，进行基于时间点的不完全恢复:
[oracle@stat ~]$ export NLS_DATE_FORMAT='yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'
[oracle@stat ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.2.0 - Production on Thu Sep 14 22:50:22 2006
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: order (DBID=1341966532, not open)
RMAN> recover database until time '2006-09-14 19:00:00'
2> ;
2> ;
Starting recover at 2006-09-14 22:50:26
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=544 devtype=DISK
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=544 devtype=DISK
starting media recovery
archive log thread 1 sequence 303 is already on disk as file
/oradata/archive/1_303_592917188.dbf
archive log thread 1 sequence 304 is already on disk as file
/oradata/archive/1_304_592917188.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archive log restore to default destination
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archive log
archive log thread=1 sequence=299
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /data3/ordrbak/arch_order_20060913_171
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
piece handle=/data3/ordrbak/orderarch_order_20060913_171 tag=order
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
archive log filename=/oradata/archive/1_299_592917188.dbf thread=1 sequence=299
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archive log restore to default destination
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archive log
archive log thread=1 sequence=300
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archive log
archive log thread=1 sequence=301
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archive log
archive log thread=1 sequence=302
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /data3/ordrbak/arch_order_20060914_173
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
piece handle=/data3/ordrbak/orderarch_order_20060914_173 tag=TAG20060914T033004
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:08
archive log filename=/oradata/archive/1_300_592917188.dbf thread=1 sequence=300
archive log filename=/oradata/archive/1_301_592917188.dbf thread=1 sequence=301
archive log filename=/oradata/archive/1_302_592917188.dbf thread=1 sequence=302
archive log filename=/oradata/archive/1_303_592917188.dbf thread=1 sequence=303
archive log filename=/oradata/archive/1_304_592917188.dbf thread=1 sequence=304
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:57
Finished recover at 2006-09-14 22:51:39
/oradata/archive/1_303_592917188.dbf
archive log thread 1 sequence 304 is already on disk as file
/oradata/archive/1_304_592917188.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archive log restore to default destination
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archive log
archive log thread=1 sequence=299
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /data3/ordrbak/arch_order_20060913_171
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
piece handle=/data3/ordrbak/orderarch_order_20060913_171 tag=order
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
archive log filename=/oradata/archive/1_299_592917188.dbf thread=1 sequence=299
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archive log restore to default destination
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archive log
archive log thread=1 sequence=300
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archive log
archive log thread=1 sequence=301
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archive log
archive log thread=1 sequence=302
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /data3/ordrbak/arch_order_20060914_173
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
piece handle=/data3/ordrbak/orderarch_order_20060914_173 tag=TAG20060914T033004
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:08
archive log filename=/oradata/archive/1_300_592917188.dbf thread=1 sequence=300
archive log filename=/oradata/archive/1_301_592917188.dbf thread=1 sequence=301
archive log filename=/oradata/archive/1_302_592917188.dbf thread=1 sequence=302
archive log filename=/oradata/archive/1_303_592917188.dbf thread=1 sequence=303
archive log filename=/oradata/archive/1_304_592917188.dbf thread=1 sequence=304
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:57
Finished recover at 2006-09-14 22:51:39
Resetlogs打开数据库:
RMAN> alter database open resetlogs;
database opened
RMAN>
此时可以检查数据的正确性，如果无误就可以通过exp导出数据，再imp进生产数据库，完成恢复。
在有了充分的备份的前提下，这样的恢复是非常容易的。
这个故事再次告诉我们：备份重于一切。
这个故事再次告诉我们：备份重于一切。