Oracle profile中的参数定义分为两部分：Resource_parameter和Password_parameter

可以通过dba_profiles查询

PROFILE RESOURCE_NAME RESOURCE LIMIT

------------------------------ -------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------------------

DEFAULT COMPOSITE_LIMIT KERNEL UNLIMITED

DEFAULT FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS PASSWORD UNLIMITED

DEFAULT SESSIONS_PER_USER KERNEL UNLIMITED

DEFAULT PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME PASSWORD UNLIMITED

DEFAULT CPU_PER_SESSION KERNEL UNLIMITED

DEFAULT PASSWORD_REUSE_TIME PASSWORD UNLIMITED

DEFAULT CPU_PER_CALL KERNEL UNLIMITED

DEFAULT PASSWORD_REUSE_MAX PASSWORD UNLIMITED

DEFAULT LOGICAL_READS_PER_SESSION KERNEL UNLIMITED

DEFAULT PASSWORD_VERIFY_FUNCTION PASSWORD NULL

DEFAULT LOGICAL_READS_PER_CALL KERNEL UNLIMITED

DEFAULT PASSWORD_LOCK_TIME PASSWORD UNLIMITED

DEFAULT IDLE_TIME KERNEL UNLIMITED

DEFAULT PASSWORD_GRACE_TIME PASSWORD UNLIMITED

DEFAULT CONNECT_TIME KERNEL UNLIMITED

DEFAULT PRIVATE_SGA KERNEL UNLIMITED

其中，password resource总是可用，kernel resource需要设置系统参数resource_limit后才能生效。

SQL>alter system set resource_limit=true;

具体的resource_name对应的含义可见下表：

资源	描述
SESSIONS_PER_USER	在一个实例中，一个用户可以同时拥有的会话数量
CPU_PER_SESSION	一个会话可以使用的CPU时间，以百分之一秒为单位
CPU_PER_CALL	语法分析、执行或获取可以使用的CPU时间，以百分之一秒为单位
CONNECT_TIME	一个会话可以连接到一个数据库的分钟数
IDLE_TIME	一个会话可以连接到一个数据库而没有激活使用的分钟数
LOGICAL_READS_PER_SESSION	可以在一个会话中读取的数据库块数
LOGICAL_READS_PER_CALL	在语法分析、执行或获取期间可以读取的数据库块数
PRIVATE_SGA	在SGA的SQL共享池中，一个会话可以分配的私有空间量（对于MTS）
COMPOSITE_LIMIT	一个基于前面的限制的复合限制
FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS	将引起一个账号被锁定的连续注册失败次数
PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME	一个口令在其终止前可以使用的天数
PASSWORD_REUSE_TIME	一个口令在能够被重新使用之前所必须经过的天数
PASSWORD_REUSE_MAX	一个口令在能够被重新使用之前必须改变的次数
PASSWORD_LOCK_TIME	如果超过FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS设置值，一个账号将被锁定的天数
PASSWORD_GRACE_TIME	以天为单位的“宽限时间”，在宽限期内，在口令达到PASSWORD_LOGIN_TIME设置值时，仍能对其修改
PASSWORD_VERIFY_FUNCTION	一个函数名，用于判断口令的复杂性

这里比较特殊的是PASSWORD_VERIFY_FUNCTION，该参数定义的是一个函数名，如果不需要定义密码策略，可以设置为NULL。

SQL>alter profile DEFAULT limit password_verify_function null;

如果需要设置密码策略，可以参照$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/utlpwdmg.sql

oracle@ibmvs_a@/oracle/product/10.2.0/rdbms/admin $ cat utlpwdmg.sql

Rem

Rem $Header: utlpwdmg.sql 31-aug-2000.11:00:47 nireland Exp $

Rem

Rem utlpwdmg.sql

Rem

Rem NAME

Rem utlpwdmg.sql - script. for Default Password Resource Limits

Rem

Rem DESCRIPTION

Rem This is a script. for enabling the password management features

Rem by setting the default password resource limits.

Rem

Rem NOTES

Rem This file contains a function for minimum checking of password

Rem complexity. This is more of a sample function that the customer

Rem can use to develop the function for actual complexity checks that the

Rem customer wants to make on the new password.

Rem

Rem MODIFIED (MM/DD/YY)

Rem nireland 08/31/00 - Improve check for username=password. #1390553

Rem nireland 06/28/00 - Fix null old password test. #1341892

Rem asurpur 04/17/97 - Fix for bug479763

Rem asurpur 12/12/96 - Changing the name of password_verify_function

Rem asurpur 05/30/96 - New script. for default password management

Rem asurpur 05/30/96 - Created

Rem

-- This script. sets the default password resource parameters

-- This script. needs to be run to enable the password features.

-- However the default resource parameters can be changed based

-- on the need.

-- A default password complexity function is also provided.

-- This function makes the minimum complexity checks like

-- the minimum length of the password, password not same as the

-- username, etc. The user may enhance this function according to

-- the need.

-- This function must be created in SYS schema.

-- connect sys/ as sysdba before running the script

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION verify_function

(username varchar2,

password varchar2,

old_password varchar2)

RETURN boolean IS

n boolean;

m integer;

differ integer;

isdigit boolean;

ischar boolean;

ispunct boolean;

digitarray varchar2(20);

punctarray varchar2(25);

chararray varchar2(52);

BEGIN

digitarray:= '0123456789';

chararray:= 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ';

punctarray:='!"#$%&()``*+,-/:;<=>?_';

-- Check if the password is same as the username

IF NLS_LOWER(password) = NLS_LOWER(username) THEN

raise_application_error(-20001, 'Password same as or similar to user');

END IF;

-- Check for the minimum length of the password

IF length(password) < 4 THEN

raise_application_error(-20002, 'Password length less than 4');

END IF;

-- Check if the password is too simple. A dictionary of words may be

-- maintained and a check may be made so as not to allow the words

-- that are too simple for the password.

IF NLS_LOWER(password) IN ('welcome', 'database', 'account', 'user', 'password', 'oracle', 'computer', 'abcd') THEN

raise_application_error(-20002, 'Password too simple');

END IF;

-- Check if the password contains at least one letter, one digit and one

-- punctuation mark.

-- 1. Check for the digit

isdigit:=FALSE;

m := length(password);

FOR i IN 1..10 LOOP

FOR j IN 1..m LOOP

IF substr(password,j,1) = substr(digitarray,i,1) THEN

isdigit:=TRUE;

GOTO findchar;

END IF;

END LOOP;

IF isdigit = FALSE THEN

raise_application_error(-20003, 'Password should contain at least one digit, one character and one punctuation');

END IF;

-- 2. Check for the character

<>

ischar:=FALSE;

FOR i IN 1..length(chararray) LOOP

FOR j IN 1..m LOOP

IF substr(password,j,1) = substr(chararray,i,1) THEN

ischar:=TRUE;

GOTO findpunct;

END IF;

END LOOP;

IF ischar = FALSE THEN

raise_application_error(-20003, 'Password should contain at least one \

digit, one character and one punctuation');

END IF;

-- 3. Check for the punctuation

<>

ispunct:=FALSE;

FOR i IN 1..length(punctarray) LOOP

FOR j IN 1..m LOOP

IF substr(password,j,1) = substr(punctarray,i,1) THEN

ispunct:=TRUE;

GOTO endsearch;

END IF;

END LOOP;

IF ispunct = FALSE THEN

raise_application_error(-20003, 'Password should contain at least one \

digit, one character and one punctuation');

END IF;

<>

-- Check if the password differs from the previous password by at least

-- 3 letters

IF old_password IS NOT NULL THEN

differ := length(old_password) - length(password);

IF abs(differ) < 3 THEN

IF length(password) < length(old_password) THEN

m := length(password);

ELSE

m := length(old_password);

END IF;

differ := abs(differ);

FOR i IN 1..m LOOP

IF substr(password,i,1) != substr(old_password,i,1) THEN

differ := differ + 1;

END IF;

END LOOP;

IF differ < 3 THEN

raise_application_error(-20004, 'Password should differ by at \

least 3 characters');

END IF;

-- Everything is fine; return TRUE ;

RETURN(TRUE);

END;

/

-- This script. alters the default parameters for Password Management

-- This means that all the users on the system have Password Management

-- enabled and set to the following values unless another profile is

-- created with parameter values set to different value or UNLIMITED

-- is created and assigned to the user.

ALTER PROFILE DEFAULT LIMIT

PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME 60

PASSWORD_GRACE_TIME 10

PASSWORD_REUSE_TIME 1800

PASSWORD_REUSE_MAX UNLIMITED

FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS 3

PASSWORD_LOCK_TIME 1/1440

PASSWORD_VERIFY_FUNCTION verify_function;

utlpwdmg.sql在创建好function后，修改了DEFAULT profile的相关参数。但在很多时候，我们希望对不同的用户定义不同的profile策略。下面给出一个简单的例子：

需要定义的参数如下：

IDLE_TIME 60 会话空闲60分钟

Failed_login_attempts：10 密码尝试次数

PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME 90 密码生命周期

PASSWORD_LOCK_TIME 5/1440 密码锁定时间5分钟

PASSWORD_REUSE_MAX 4 密码更改4次以上才可重用

PASSWORD_REUSE_TIME 30 密码更改超过30天后可重用

PASSWORD_GRACE_TIME 30 密码过期后可延续使用30天

PASSWORD_VERIFY_FUNCTION

密码长度 >=8

密码要求字母+数字

具体步骤如下：

1. 创建verify_function

CREATE FUNCTION verify_function

(username varchar2,

password varchar2,

old_password varchar2)

RETURN boolean IS

n boolean;

m integer;

differ integer;

isdigit boolean;

ischar boolean;

ispunct boolean;

digitarray varchar2(20);

punctarray varchar2(25);

chararray varchar2(52);

BEGIN

digitarray:= '0123456789';

chararray:= 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ';

punctarray:='!"#$%&()``*+,-/:;<=>?_';

-- Check if the password is same as the username

IF NLS_LOWER(password) = NLS_LOWER(username) THEN

raise_application_error(-20001, 'Password same as or similar to user');

END IF;

-- Check for the minimum length of the password

IF length(password) < 8 THEN

raise_application_error(-20002, 'Password length less than 8');

END IF;

-- Check if the password is too simple. A dictionary of words may be

-- maintained and a check may be made so as not to allow the words

-- that are too simple for the password.

IF NLS_LOWER(password) IN ('welcome', 'database', 'account', 'user', 'password', 'oracle', 'computer', 'abcd') THEN

raise_application_error(-20002, 'Password too simple');

END IF;

-- Check if the password contains at least one letter, one digit.

-- 1. Check for the digit

isdigit:=FALSE;

m := length(password);

FOR i IN 1..10 LOOP

FOR j IN 1..m LOOP

IF substr(password,j,1) = substr(digitarray,i,1) THEN

isdigit:=TRUE;

GOTO findchar;

END IF;

END LOOP;

IF isdigit = FALSE THEN

raise_application_error(-20003, 'Password should contain at least one digit, one character');

END IF;

-- 2. Check for the character

<>

ischar:=FALSE;

FOR i IN 1..length(chararray) LOOP

FOR j IN 1..m LOOP

IF substr(password,j,1) = substr(chararray,i,1) THEN

ischar:=TRUE;

GOTO endsearch;

END IF;

END LOOP;

IF ischar = FALSE THEN

raise_application_error(-20003, 'Password should contain at least one digit, one character');

END IF;

<>

-- Everything is fine; return TRUE ;

RETURN(TRUE);

END;

/

2. 修改resource_limit参数

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET RESOURCE_LIMIT = TRUE SCOPE=BOTH;

3. 创建用户profile

CREATE PROFILE USER_PROFILE LIMIT

IDLE_TIME 60

PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME 90

PASSWORD_GRACE_TIME 30

PASSWORD_REUSE_TIME 30

PASSWORD_REUSE_MAX 4

FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS 10

PASSWORD_LOCK_TIME 5/1440

PASSWORD_VERIFY_FUNCTION verify_function;

4. 修改指定用户profile

SQL>alter user profile user_profile;

oracle profile 使用笔记