Oracle 12c 静默安装:

1.操作系统及Oracle版本：
Linux版本：CentOS release 6.6 (Final)
Oracle版本：

Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production

linuxamd64_12102_database_1of2.zip

linuxamd64_12102_database_2of2.zip

2.硬件检测：
物理内存不少于1G
硬盘可以空间 不少于5G
swap分区空间不少于2G
支持256色以上显卡
cpu主频不小于550mHZ

cat /etc/issue
uname -r (版本)
grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo （内存大小）
grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo （交换区大小）
grep "model name" /proc/cpuinfo （CPU信息）
free （可用内存）

配置yum源：

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ll

总用量 16

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2492 11月 10 20:16 CentOS6-Base-163.repo

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2323 11月 10 20:10 Centos-6.repo.bak

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  358 11月 10 19:48 redhat.repo

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  529 4月  14 2016 rhel-source.repo.bak

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# cat CentOS6-Base-163.repo

# CentOS-Base.repo

#

# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the

# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and

# geographically close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates

# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.

#

# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the 

# remarked out baseurl= line instead.

#

#

[base]

#name=CentOS-6 - Base - 163.com

name=CentOS-6.10

baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/6.10/os/$basearch/

#baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/$basearch/

#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=6&arch=$basearch&repo=os

gpgcheck=1

gpgkey=http://vault.centos.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

#gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

#released updates 

[updates]

name=CentOS-6.10

#name=CentOS-6 - Updates - 163.com

baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/6.10/updates/$basearch/

#baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/updates/$basearch/

#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=6&arch=$basearch&repo=updates

gpgcheck=1

#gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

gpgkey=http://vault.centos.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

#additional packages that may be useful

[extras]

name=CentOS-6.10

baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/6.10/extras/$basearch/

#name=CentOS-6 - Extras - 163.com

#baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/extras/$basearch/

#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=6&arch=$basearch&repo=extras

gpgcheck=1

#gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

gpgkey=http://vault.centos.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages

[centosplus]

name=CentOS-6.10

baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/6.10/extras/$basearch/

#name=CentOS-6 - Plus - 163.com

#baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/centosplus/$basearch/

#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=6&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus

gpgcheck=1

enabled=0

#gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

gpgkey=http://vault.centos.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

#contrib - packages by Centos Users

[contrib]

name=CentOS-6.10

baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/6.10/extras/$basearch/

#name=CentOS-6 - Contrib - 163.com

#baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/contrib/$basearch/

#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=6&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib

gpgcheck=1

enabled=0

#gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

gpgkey=http://vault.centos.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

centos6的yum源比较难找。

yum clean all

yum makecache

yum update

3.检查安装依赖系统包

rpm -q binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33*.i686 glibc glibc*.i686 glibc-devel glibc-devel*.i686 ksh libaio libaio*.i686 libaio-devel libaio-devel*.i686 libX11 libX11*.i686 libXau libXau*.i686 libXi libXi*.i686 libXtst libXtst*.i686 libgcc libgcc*.i686 libstdc++ libstdc++*.i686 libstdc++-devel libstdc++-devel*.i686  libxcb libxcb*.i686 make nfs-utils net-tools smartmontools sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel gcc gcc-c++ libXext libXext*.i686 zlib-devel zlib-devel*.i686 unzip

yum install -y binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33*.i686 glibc glibc*.i686 glibc-devel glibc-devel*.i686 ksh libaio libaio*.i686 libaio-devel libaio-devel*.i686 libX11 libX11*.i686 libXau libXau*.i686 libXi libXi*.i686 libXtst libXtst*.i686 libgcc libgcc*.i686 libstdc++ libstdc++*.i686 libstdc++-devel libstdc++-devel*.i686  libxcb libxcb*.i686 make nfs-utils net-tools smartmontools sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel gcc gcc-c++ libXext libXext*.i686 zlib-devel zlib-devel*.i686 unzip

# 也可以分段执行，避免遗漏

yum install -y compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33*.i686

yum install -y glibc*.i686 glibc-devel glibc-devel*.i686

yum install -y ksh libaio*.i686 libaio-devel libaio-devel*.i686

yum install -y libX11 libX11*.i686 libXau libXau*.i686 libXi libXi*.i686

yum install -y libXtst libXtst*.i686 libgcc*.i686 libstdc++*.i686 libstdc++-devel libstdc++-devel*.i686

yum install -y libxcb libxcb*.i686 make nfs-utils net-tools smartmontools sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel

yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ libXext libXext*.i686 zlib-devel zlib-devel*.i686 unzip

4.创建所需的操作系统组和用户，设置些服务：

groupadd oinstallgroupadd dbauseradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle设置oracle用户密码 passwd oracle

root下执行：

chkconfig iptables off

chkconfig NetworkManager off

service iptables stop

service NetworkManager stop

vi /etc/sysconfig/network

HOSTNAME=test

setenforce 0

vi /etc/selinux/config

SELINUX=disabled

vi /etc/hosts      (hosts里必须要有127.0.0.1 localhost，否则安装会报错)

最下面添加

192.168.72.21         主机名
比如：
10.0.40.78              test

5.修改内核参数
在/etc/sysctl.conf 文件中，使用文本编辑器或vi命令增加或修改以下参数
[root@test ~]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf 

/etc/sysctl -p

# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions

if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then

. ~/.bashrc

fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

export PATH

#oracle数据库安装目录

ORACLE_BASE=/usr/oracle

#oracle数据库路径

ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.1.0/db_1

#oracle启动数据库实例名

ORACLE_SID=oramid

#添加系统环境变量

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

#添加系统环境变量

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib

# 该部分重要，后续错误一般是该步骤造成

export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID PATH LD_LIBRARY_PATH

10.解压oracle安装文件

[root@ test  ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/
[root@ test  ~]# ll /home/oracle/

[root@ test  ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@ test  ~]$ ll

unzip linuxamd64_12102_database_1of2.zip

unzip linuxamd64_12102_database_2of2.zip

开始静默安装：
12.1.0.2的办法：

[oracle@ebsmiddb database]$ ./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/response/db_install.rsp 

正在启动 Oracle Universal Installer...

检查临时空间: 必须大于 500 MB。   实际为 39495 MB    通过

检查交换空间: 必须大于 150 MB。   实际为 4095 MB    通过

准备从以下地址启动 Oracle Universal Installer /tmp/OraInstall2022-11-11_10-20-23PM. 请稍候...[oracle@ebsmiddb database]$ [WARNING] [INS-13014] 目标环境不满足一些可选要求。

   原因: 不满足一些可选的先决条件。有关详细信息, 请查看日志。/tmp/OraInstall2022-11-11_10-20-23PM/installActions2022-11-11_10-20-23PM.log

   操作: 从日志 /tmp/OraInstall2022-11-11_10-20-23PM/installActions2022-11-11_10-20-23PM.log 中确定失败的先决条件检查列表。然后, 从日志文件或安装手册中查找满足这些先决条件的适当配置, 并手动进行修复。

可以在以下位置找到本次安装会话的日志:

 /u01/app/oraInventory/logs/installActions2022-11-11_10-20-23PM.log

Oracle Database 12c 的 安装 已成功。

请查看 '/u01/app/oraInventory/logs/silentInstall2022-11-11_10-20-23PM.log' 以获取详细资料。

以 root 用户的身份执行以下脚本:

 1. /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

 2. /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/root.sh

Successfully Setup Software.

[oracle@ebsmiddb database]$ exit

logout

[root@localhost ~]# sh /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

更改权限/u01/app/oraInventory.

添加组的读取和写入权限。

删除全局的读取, 写入和执行权限。

更改组名/u01/app/oraInventory 到 oinstall.

脚本的执行已完成。

[root@localhost ~]# sh /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/root.sh

Check /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/install/root_ebsmiddb_2022-11-11_22-23-38.log for the output of root script

到这里，oracle12c的数据库实例就算是装好了，接下来配置数据库实例的基本参数文件~
cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs

找到默认的init.ora，然后创建一个新的init.ora:
cat init.ora|grep -v ^$|grep -v ^# >init$ORACLE_SID.ora
这里如果没建立密码文件，之后用sys用户远程连接数据库会报错。
那时候需要重建密码文件： orapwd file=orapw $ORACLE_SID  password=oracle entries=30

修改新参数文件里面的<$ORACLE_HOME>为绝对路径，然后把db_name之类的东西改成自己的就好~

[oracle@ebsmiddb dbs]$ cat initoramid.ora

db_name='ORAMID'

memory_target=58G

processes = 2000

audit_file_dest='/usr/oracle/admin/oramid/adump'

audit_trail ='db'

db_block_size=8192

db_domain=''

db_recovery_file_dest='/usr/oracle/fast_recovery_area'

db_recovery_file_dest_size=2G

diagnostic_dest='/usr/oracle'

dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=ORAMIDXDB)'

open_cursors=300 

remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'

undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

control_files = (/usr/oracle/oradata/oramid/ora_control01.ctl,/usr/oracle/oradata/oramid/ora_control02.ctl)

compatible ='11.2.0'

然后就可以启动oracle实例了，用sqlplus "/as sysdba"登录进去，然后startup nomount;
如果说MEMORY_TARGET太大了，那么可以在参数文件里面改小一点（这里设置的是81960M，80G），或者修改shm的大小、
用df -h能看到/dev/shm的大小
用mount -o size=102400M -o nrinodes=1000000 -o noatime,nodiratime -o remount /dev/shm来修改shm的大小

然后创建spfile
create spfile from pfile;（具体的这两个东西的资料可以参考我的另一篇文章，spfile和pfile那点事）

如果一切正常，那么会显示出数据库的一些池和缓存的信息，接下来就是创建数据库了，

先创建必要目录
mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/$ORACLE_SID/adump
mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/oradata/ORAMID

PS:稍微注意一下的是，/usr/local/bin下面，几个目录的权限，记得要改成oracle和oinstall的（chown -R oracle:oinstall *）,否则启动的时候会提示错误，权限啊，目录操作失败云云

建库脚本如下：

[oracle@ebsmiddb dbs]$ cat create_db.sql 

CREATE DATABASE ORAMID

USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY www

USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY www

LOGFILE

GROUP 1 ('/usr/oracle/oradata/oramid/redo01.log') SIZE 512m,

GROUP 2 ('/usr/oracle/oradata/oramid/redo02.log') size 512m,

GROUP 3 ('/usr/oracle/oradata/oramid/redo03.log') size 512m,

GROUP 4 ('/usr/oracle/oradata/oramid/redo04.log') size 512m,

GROUP 5 ('/usr/oracle/oradata/oramid/redo05.log') size 512m

MAXLOGFILES 5

MAXLOGMEMBERS 5

MAXLOGHISTORY 200

MAXDATAFILES 10000

CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8

NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16

EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL

datafile '/usr/oracle/oradata/oramid/system01.dbf' size 1024M  REUSE

sysaux datafile '/usr/oracle/oradata/oramid/sysaux01.dbf' size 1024M REUSE

default temporary tablespace temp

tempfile '/usr/oracle/oradata/oramid/temp01.dbf' size 512M REUSE

undo tablespace UNDOTBS1

datafile '/usr/oracle/oradata/oramid/undotbs01.dbf' size 1024M  REUSE

AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED

default tablespace users

datafile '/usr/oracle/oradata/oramid/users01.dbf' size 8192M  REUSE

AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;

如果没问题，接下来就创建数据字典和pl/sql包，
sqlplus "/as sysdba"
SQL>@？/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql;
SQL>@？/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql;            //视图等
SQL>@？/rdbms/admin/utlrp.sql;                //数据字典
SQL>conn system/*****;
SQL>@？/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql;
(这几个脚本放在$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin下，也可以先进这个目录，然后直接@脚本就好)
最后shutdown immediate 然后startup吧~


数据库正确open之后，就是配置监听器了，
把\network\admin\listener.ora 和\network\admin\tnsname.ora里面的LOCALHOST改成IP，把SID SID_NAME改成实例名，重启数据库，重启监听
PS:参数文件的service和监听器的service要对上

[oracle@ebsmiddb ~]$ cd /usr/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/network/admin/

[oracle@ebsmiddb admin]$ ll

总用量 16

-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall  373 11月 13 01:42 listener.ora

drwxr-xr-x. 2 oracle oinstall 4096 11月 11 22:20 samples

-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall  373 10月 31 2013 shrept.lst

-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall  183 11月 13 01:44 tnsnames.ora

[oracle@ebsmiddb admin]$ cat listener.ora 

# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /usr/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

LISTENER =

  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =

    (DESCRIPTION =

      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.116.15)(PORT = 1521))

      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))

    )

  )

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /usr/oracle

[oracle@ebsmiddb admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora 

ORAMID =

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.116.15)(PORT = 1521))

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SERVER = DEDICATED)

      (SERVICE_NAME = ORAMID)

    )

  )

[oracle@ebsmiddb admin]$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.1.0.2.0 - Production on 13-NOV-2022 01:45:38

Copyright (c) 1991, 2014, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.116.15)(PORT=1521)))

TNS-12541: TNS:no listener

 TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error

  TNS-00511: No listener

   Linux Error: 111: Connection refused

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))

TNS-12541: TNS:no listener

 TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error

  TNS-00511: No listener

   Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory

[oracle@ebsmiddb admin]$ lsnrctl start

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.1.0.2.0 - Production on 13-NOV-2022 01:45:45

Copyright (c) 1991, 2014, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.1.0.2.0 - Production

System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/ebsmiddb/listener/alert/log.xml

Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.116.15)(PORT=1521)))

Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.116.15)(PORT=1521)))

STATUS of the LISTENER

------------------------

Alias                     LISTENER

Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.1.0.2.0 - Production

Start Date                13-NOV-2022 01:45:45

Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec

Trace Level               off

Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication

SNMP                      OFF

Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/ebsmiddb/listener/alert/log.xml

Listening Endpoints Summary...

  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.116.15)(PORT=1521)))

  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))

The listener supports no services

The command completed successfully

[oracle@ebsmiddb admin]$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.1.0.2.0 - Production on 13-NOV-2022 01:46:08

Copyright (c) 1991, 2014, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.116.15)(PORT=1521)))

STATUS of the LISTENER

------------------------

Alias                     LISTENER

Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.1.0.2.0 - Production

Start Date                13-NOV-2022 01:45:45

Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 23 sec

Trace Level               off

Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication

SNMP                      OFF

Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/ebsmiddb/listener/alert/log.xml

Listening Endpoints Summary...

  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.116.15)(PORT=1521)))

  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))

Services Summary...

Service "ORAMID" has 1 instance(s).

  Instance "oramid", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "ORAMIDXDB" has 1 instance(s).

  Instance "oramid", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

The command completed successfully

整个oracle 12c 12.1.0.2的单实例的静默安装过程就是这样。