一.安装前准备
1.安装需包(用互联网yum或者是本地yum)
yum -y install binutils-* compat-libstdc++-* gcc-* gcc-c++-* glibc-* glibc-devel libaio-* libaio-devel libgcc-4.1.2 libstdc++-* \
libstdc++-devel make sysstat elfutils-libelf-devel unixODBC-* unixODBC-devel-* elfutils-libelf-devel

2.相关参数修改
2.1 修改/etc/sysctl.conf
注释掉之前参数
sed -i '/kernel\.shmmax/s/^/#/' /etc/sysctl.conf
sed -i '/kernel\.shmall/s/^/#/' /etc/sysctl.conf
编辑/etc/sysctl.conf
echo -e "#oracle insert\n">>/etc/sysctl.conf
echo "fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576">>/etc/sysctl.conf
echo "fs.file-max = 6815744">>/etc/sysctl.conf
echo "kernel.shmall = 2097152">>/etc/sysctl.conf
echo "kernel.shmmax = 536870912">>/etc/sysctl.conf
echo "kernel.shmmni = 4096">>/etc/sysctl.conf
echo "kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128">>/etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500">>/etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.core.rmem_default = 262144">>/etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.core.rmem_max = 4194304">>/etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.core.wmem_default = 262144">>/etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.core.wmem_max = 1048586">>/etc/sysctl.conf

运行以下命令使配置生效
sysctl -p　生效


2.2 修改/etc/security/limits.conf 增加以下内容
oracle           soft    nproc           2047
oracle           hard    nproc           16384
oracle           soft    nofile          1024
oracle           hard    nofile          65536
oracle           soft    stack           10240

2.3 编辑/etc/pam.d/login增加以下参数
session    required     pam_limits.so
修改完重启服务器

3.增加相关用户及目录
groupadd  oinstall
groupadd oper
groupadd dba
useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle
echo "oracle" | passwd --stdin oracle
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/soft

4.修改用户配置文件
[oracle@xyxdb-8-3 ~]$ cat .bash_profile
# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
    . ~/.bashrc
fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin
TMP=/tmp; export TMP
TMPDIR=$TMP; export TMPDIR
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1; export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID=xyxdb; export ORACLE_SID
PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH; export PATH
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib; export CLASSPATH
TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin;export TNS_ADMIN
NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8; export NLS_LANG
SQLPATH=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/sqlplus/admin;export SQLPATH
export PATH

5.上传安装文件安装
./runInstaller -silent -debug -force \
FROM_LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/soft/database/stage/products.xml \
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY \
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall \
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory \
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1 \
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle \
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE \
oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false \
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba \
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=dba \
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true

安装完成后运行
1. /oracle/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
2. /oracle/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/root.sh