第一部分 第一章 Oracle Net Services 简介
Oracle Net 建立网络会话，做为数据信使，除建立网络连接和保持外还进行信息交换，由Oracle Net foundation layer（建立和维持连接）和Oracle protocol support（与业界标准协议进行映射）构成。
l 连接：
n C/S应用连接
u 位于网络协议规则的最上层，决定应用如何访问网络以及数据如何封包，透过TCP/IP协议进行硬件通讯和数据传输
u App – Oracle Net – Network – Oracle Net – RDBMS
n Web客户端应用连接
u Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) Driver
u JDBC OCI Driver
u JDBC Thin Driver（不需要安装Oracle，用于applets）
u App – JDBC – Oracle Net – Network – Oracle Net – RDBMS
u HTTP –Java Servlet – JDBC – Oracle Net – Network – Oracle Net – RDBMS
n Web客户端连接（无应用服务器）
u Java Applet – JDBC Thin – JavaNet – Network – ORACLE Net – RDBMS
l 管理特性：
n 位置透明
u Repository – Naming Methods for each DB
n 集中管理和配置
u Repository In LDAP-compliant directory server 可替换服务器和客户端的配置文件，可用于异构网络
n 快速安装和配置
l 内网和外网的可扩展：
n Shared Server
u 客户端不直接访问DB进程，客户请求将被指向dispatcher，dispatcher将请求放入一般队列，共享池中的空闲shared server将对队列中的请求进行拾取和处理，小池即可处理大量客户请求
u Dedicated Server 一个Server进程仅对应一个客户端，处理完成后才能处理下一个
u Connection Pooling 允许暂时与空闲会话断开（仅保持逻辑会话），需要时再重新进行物理连接，可允许大量并发
n Session Multiplexing
u Oracle Connection Manager允许客户端网络会话通过一个单连接进行复用和过滤，通过多个网关允许上千并发用户连接（考虑了会话可用与响应时间）
n 中间层和DB间的性能：
u Infiniband
u SDP Protocol
l 网络安全：
n Firewall Access Control
u Oracle Connection Manager 两端机器名或IP，DB名称，使用Oracle Advanced Security的客户端
u JDBC Thin
u 可做到外部授权用户访问内部网络
n Protocol Access Control
u sqlnet.ora
l 网络套件组成：
n Oracle Net
u Oracle Net Foundation Layer
l Client: App – Oracle Net Foundation Layer – Oracle Protocol Support – Network Protocol
l Server: RDBMS – Oracle Net Foundation Layer – Oracle Protocol Support – Network Protocol
n Oracle Protocol Support
u TCP/IP, TCP/IP with SSL, Named Pipes, SDP
n Oracle Net Listener
u App – Oracle Net Foundation Layer – Oracle Protocol Support – Network – Listener – Oracle Protocol Support – Oracle Net Foundation Layer – RDBMS
n Oracle Connection Manager
u 作为软件组件单独安装（不在Client也不在Server上），可做会话复用和访问控制
n Networking Tools
u Oracle Net Configuration Assistant
l 监听与命名
u Oracle Enterprise Manager
l 监听管理与配置和管理Oracle Net服务，跨多个文件系统
u Oracle Net Manager
l 图形化统一管理工具
u Command Line
l 配置、管理、监控，包括监听和连接管理
n Oracle Advanced Security
u 需要单独付费的独立网络安全产品，用于加密与授权
第一部分 第二章 快速建立Oracle Net Connection
LSNRCTL> START [listener_name]
SQL> STARTUP database_name pfile=file
LSNRCTL> SERVICES [listener_name]
easy connect naming method tnsnames.ora
CONNECT username@host[:port][/service_name][:server][/instance_name]
use Oracle Net Configuration Assistant to create a net service name for easy connect naming method
第一部分 第三章 连通性概念
l Database Services
n A database can have one or more services associated with it
n The service name defaults to the global database name. database name + domain name
n SERVICE_NAMES can changed by ALTER SYSTEM dynamically when DB RUNNING!
n 一个库，俩服务名？需要例子
l Database Instances
n at least one instance, An instance is comprised of a memory area called the System Global Area (SGA) and Oracle background processes, An instance also manages other services, such as Oracle XML DB
l Protocol Address
n Connect Data
n Instance Name
u (INSTANCE_NAME=sales1))) in RAC with same service name
n Service Handlers
u (SERVER=dedicated), (SERVER=shared)
u 不设置就进入共享模式，不设置dispatcher客户端就进入专用模式
u (SERVER=pooled) 如果池不存在，客户端会被驳回
n 监听建立连接后，后续通讯就不需要监听了
l 对服务的多重监听
(DESCRIPTION=
(ADDRESS_LIST=
(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=sales1-server)(PORT=1521))
(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=sales2-server)(PORT=1521)) )
(CONNECT_DATA=
(SERVICE_NAME=sales.us.example.com) ) )
n Connect-Time Failover 依次访问监听，不设置就只会访问其中一个监听
n Transparent Application, Failover HA or RAC, 自动重建连接
n Client Load Balancing
n Connection Load Balancing balancing
u the number of active connections among multiple dispatchers
u balance the number of active connections among multiple instances (RAC)
u 共享式考虑顺序，Least-loaded node, Least-loaded instance, Least-loaded dispatcher for that instance
u 专用式，Least-loaded node, Least-loaded instance
n Service Handlers
u Dispatche
l 直接连接
n The listener receives a client connection request.
n The listener hands the connect request directly to the dispatcher.
n The client is now connected to the dispatcher.
l 重定向
n The listener receives a client connection request.
n The listener provides the location of the dispatcher to the client in a redirect message.
n The client connects directly to the dispatcher.
u Dedicated Server Processes
l 应用和数据库在同一主机，会自动绕过监听
l 直连、重定向
l 数据库重定向连接池
n background process—the connection broker
n Naming
u connect string = user name + password + connect identifier
u net service name
l SQL> CONNECT hr@(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=sales-server1)(PORT=1521))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=sales.us.example.com)))
l SQL> CONNECT hr@sales
u naming methods
l Local Naming
n tnsnames.ora
l Directory Naming
n LDAP-compliant directory server
l Easy Connect Naming
n CONNECT username@[//]host[:port][/service_name][:server][/instance_name]
l External Naming
n NIS or CDS
第一部分 第四章 配置管理概念
l Configuration Models
n Localized Configuration File Support (tnsname.ora)
n Directory Server Support (LDAP)
l Localized Configuration File Support
n cman.ora, listener.ora, sqlnet.ora, tnsnames.ora
l Directory Server Support
n Directory Naming Overview
u Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) Drivers support it
n Net Service Alias Entries 在同一目录中的组织信任
n Directory Entries
n Adding or Modifying Entries in the Directory Server
u Database Configuration Assistant
u Oracle Internet Directory Configuration Assistant
u OracleDBCreators, OracleContextAdmins, OracleNetAdmins, GROUPS
n Client Connections Using Directory Naming
u the directory server must allow anonymous authentication
u 动态，静态（ldap.ora）
u JDBC OCI Driver supports both relative and absolute naming
u JDBC Thin Driver supports absolute naming only
n Using the Entry's Relative Name
n Using the Entry's Absolute Name
u CONNECT username@"cn=sales,cn=OracleContext,o=example,c=us"
u CONNECT username@sales.example.us
l JDBC Thin drivers support absolute naming only when the complete DN is used
n Oracle Net Configuration and Directory Server Design
u Performance
l connect time
u Security
l Authentication Methods
n names.ldap_authenticate_bind = TRUE
n wallet_location = location_value
l Access Control Lists
l Schema
l Limitations of Directory Naming Support with Microsoft Active Directory
第一部分 第五章 Oracle Net Services架构
如库晚于监听启动，需要60秒，监听才能注册（到PMON），可用ALTER SYSTEM REGISTER立即注册
instance is in restricted mode, ORA-12526, ORA-12527, ORA-12528
专用服务器模式不支持HTTP、FTP、WebDAV，只能通过Database客户端支持
l 使用图形工具
n Oracle Enterprise Manager (tnsnames.ora)
u 跨越多文件系统，管理Oracle Home，Listener，Naming，配合Directory
n Oracle Net Manager (netmgr) (tnsnames.ora/listener.ora/sqlnet.ora)
u Naming，Naming Methods，Profiles，Listeners，Net Service Name Wizard，Directory Server Migration Wizard
n 选择Oracle Enterprise Manager或Oracle Net Manager
u 多Home，多文件系统
u 单Home，单系统
n Oracle Net Configuration Assistant (netca)
l Oracle Net Control Utilities
n lsnrctl
n cmctl
l Duties of a Network Administrator
l Deploying a Network Inside an Organization
n Connection Pooling
u 大量用户并发，中间件；Client：IDLE_TIME；messaging and OLAP
n Session Multiplexing
u 大量用户并发，中间件；Client：Oracle Connection Manager
n Tuning and Performance
u Listener Queue Size
u Session Data Unit (SDU) Size
u Protocol Conversion
l Deploying a Network Inside an Organization
n Security
u Access Control
l sqlnet.ora
u Listener and Database Server Connection Limits
u Tuning and Performance
n Performance Considerations
u Listener Queue Size
u Session Data Unit Size for Data Transfer Optimization
l 调整：传回的封包数据碎化，广域网大延迟，封包大小总是一致，大量数据回传
l 不动：应用能自动调整，高速网数据传输率可调，返回数据量非常小
u Persistent Buffer Flushing for TCP/IP
l TCP.NODELAY
第二部分 第八章 配置Naming Methods
Easy Connect Naming Method
CONNECT username@[//]host[:port][/service_name][:server][/instance_name]
|
(DESCRIPTION= (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=sales-server)(PORT=1521)) (CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=sales.us.example.com))) |
|
CONNECT scott@sales-server:1521/sales.us.example.com CONNECT scott@//sales-server/sales.us.example.com CONNECT scott@//sales-server.us.example.com/sales.us.example.com |
|
Easy Connect String |
DESCRIPTION |
|
sales-server |
(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=)) (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=sales-server)(PORT=1521)) |
|
sales-server:3456 |
(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=)) (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=sales-server)(PORT=3456)) |
|
sales-server/sales |
(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=sales)) (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=sales-server)(PORT=1521)) |
|
sales-server/sales:dedicated/inst1 |
(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=sales)(INSTANCE_NAME=inst1)(SERVER=dedicated)) (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=sales-server)(PORT=1521)) |
|
sales-server//inst1 |
(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=)(INSTANCE_NAME=inst1)) (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=sales-server)(PORT=1521)) |
sqlnet.ora
NAMES.DIRECTORY_PATH=(ezconnect, tnsnames)
Easy Connect Naming to Use a DNS Alias
The default listener named LISTENER
cannot find the listener, then configure the listener.ora file with the GLOBAL_DBNAME parameter
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SID_LIST_listener= (SID_LIST= (SID_DESC= (GLOBAL_DBNAME=sales.example.com) (SID_NAME=sales) (ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle) ) |
/etc/hosts
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#IP address of server host name alias 192.0.2.35 sales-server sales.us.example.com |
CONNECT username@sales.us.example.com
第二部分 第九章 配置文件
l sqlnet.ora
n NAMES.DIRECTORY_PATH（连接方法 + 优先级）
n NAMES.DEFAULT_DOMAIN
n USE_DEDICATED_SERVER
n TCP.VALIDNODE_CHECKING（button）
u TCP.EXCLUDED_NODES（denied）
u TCP.INVITED_NODES（allow）
n SQLNET.SEND_TIMEOUT/SQLNET.RECV_TIMEOUT
u Client/Server都可用
u ORA-12535/12609
u 避免过长时间等待
n SQLNET.INBOUND_CONNECT_TIMEOUT
n SEND_BUF_SIZE
n RECV_BUF_SIZE
n SQLNET.EXPIRE_TIME
n SQLNET.CLIENT_REGISTRATION
n SQLNET.ALLOWED_LOGON_VERSION
u ORA-28040
n BEQUEATH_DETACH
n DISABLE_OOB
n NAMES.DCE.PREFIX
n NAMES.NIS.META_MAP
第二部分 第十章 配置和管理监听
l Because all of the configuration parameters have default values, it is possible to start and use a listener with no configuration. Dynamic service registration does not require any configuration in the listener.ora file.
l listener.ora
n benefits
u Simplified configuration
l SID_LIST_listener_name
u Connect-time failover
u Connection load balancing
|
LISTENER= (DESCRIPTION= (ADDRESS_LIST= (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=sales-server)(PORT=1521)) (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=extproc)) ) ) SID_LIST_LISTENER= ——静态注册支持——异构服务 (SID_LIST= (SID_DESC=(SID_NAME=plsextproc)(ORACLE_HOME=/oracle10g)(PROGRAM=extproc)) ) |
n 如使用IPC协议，定义最大并发连接数可以提升性能
u listener_name=(description=(address=(protocol=ipc)(key=listener0)(queuesize=50)))
n 大并发数需求
u LISTENER= (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=sales-server)(PORT=1521)(QUEUESIZE=20)))
l 静态注册（listener.ora）
n SID_NAME(from INSTANCE_NAME)
n GLOBAL_DBNAME(DB_NAME + DB_DOMAIN)
u using connect-time failover or Transparent Application Failover (TAF) in RAC then don't set it.
n ORACLE_HOME
|
SID_LIST_listener= (SID_LIST= (SID_DESC=(GLOBAL_DBNAME=sales.us.example.com)(SID_NAME=sales)(ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/11g)) ) |
l 监听管理
n 谁启监听，谁有权管理，超级用户除外
n 远程用户需要配置COST parameters or passwords
l lsnrctl
n the PASSWORDS_listener_name parameter in the listener.ora file, 在加密口令前要先移去非加密口令
n set a new encrypted password
u LSNRCTL> CHANGE_PASSWORD, LSNRCTL> SAVE_CONFIG
n modify an encrypted password
u LSNRCTL> SET PASSWORD, LSNRCTL> CHANGE_PASSWORD, LSNRCTL> SAVE_CONFIG
l Service Registration
u SERVICE_NAMES=sales.us.example.com
u INSTANCE_NAME=sales
n with a Local Listener
u with the Default Local Listener
u with a Nondefault Local Listener
l LOCAL_LISTENER=listener_alias
l DISPATCHERS="(PROTOCOL=tcp)(LISTENER=listener_alias)" ——可以扔init里
l tnsnames.ora
n listener_alias=(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=sales-server)(PORT=1421)))
n ALTER SYSTEM SET LOCAL_LISTENER='listener_alias'
n ALTER SYSTEM SET LOCAL_LISTENER=''
n LISTENER属性会覆盖LOCAL_LISTENER，只ALTER SYSTEM SET LOCAL_LISTENER没用
n with a Remote Listener
u Dedicated Server
l REMOTE_LISTENER=listener_alias ——扔init里
l ALTER SYSTEM SET REMOTE_LISTENER=''会导致PMON用以前的信息注册
l listener.ora, set REMOTE_LISTENER= in init, Resolve the listener name alias in tnsnames.ora
n listener_alias=(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=sales2-server)(PORT=1521)))
u Shared Server
l listener.ora, DISPATCHERS="(PROTOCOL=tcp)(LISTENER=listeners_sales2)" in init, Resolve the listener name alias
n listeners_sales2=(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=sales2-server)(PORT=1521)))
l Naming Method
n tnsnames.ora
u listener1=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=sales-server)(PORT=1421))
第二部分 第十一章 配置和管理Oracle Connection Manager
l cman.ora
n (ADDRESS), (RULE_LIST), (PARAMETER_LIST)
第二部分 第十二章 配置Dispatchers
第二部分 第十三章 Oracle Net Services高级功能
l 访问同一服务名下多个不同主机
n tnsnames.ora
|
sales.us.example.com= (DESCRIPTION= (ADDRESS_LIST= (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=sales1-server)(PORT=1521)) (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=sales2-server)(PORT=1521))) (CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=sales.us.example.com)) ) |
n SOURCE_ROUTE
n FAILOVER
u 只能用SERVICE_NAME
n LOAD_BALANCE
u Client load balancing is turned on by default for multiple connect descriptors (DESCRIPTION_LIST).
n RAC Configuration
|
Shared Servers |
|
|
SERVICE_NAMES=sales.us.example.com INSTANCE_NAME=sales1 DISPATCHERS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(DISPATCHERS=1)(LISTENER=listeners_sales) |
SERVICE_NAMES=sales.us.example.com INSTANCE_NAME=sales2 DISPATCHERS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(DISPATCHERS=2)(LISTENER=listeners_sales) |
|
listeners_sales= (DESCRIPTION= (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=sales1-server)(PORT=1521)) (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=sales2-server)(PORT=1521))) |
|
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Client |
|
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sales.us.example.com= (DESCRIPTION= (LOAD_BALANCE=on) (FAILOVER=on) (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=sales1-server)(PORT=1521)) (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=sales2-server)(PORT=1521)) (CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=sales.us.example.com))) |
|
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Dedicated Servers |
|
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SERVICE_NAMES=sales.us.acme.com INSTANCE_NAME=sales1 REMOTE_LISTENER=listener_sales2 |
SERVICE_NAMES=sales.us.acme.com INSTANCE_NAME=sales2 REMOTE_LISTENER=listener_sales1 |
|
listener_sales2= (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=sales2-server)(PORT=1521))) |
listener_sales1= (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=sales1-server)(PORT=1521))) |
|
Client |
|
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sales.us.example.com= (DESCRIPTION= (LOAD_BALANCE=on) (FAILOVER=on) (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=sales1-server)(PORT=1521)) (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=sales2-server)(PORT=1521)) (CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=sales.us.example.com))) |
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l Transparent Application Failover
n Client side only
n TAF can operate in one of two modes
u Session Failover will re-create lost connections and sessions
u Select Failover will replay queries that were in progress
n OCI, Oracle Call Interface
n operate with Physical Data Guard
n CONNECT_DATA
u FAILOVER_MODE
l TYPE(session, select, none)
l METHOD(basic, preconnect)
l RETRIES
n If DELAY set, RETRIES defaults to five retry attempts
n Will be ignored, if callback function is registered
l DELAY
n If RETRIES set, RETRIES defaults to five retry attempts
n Will be ignored, DELAY defaults to one second
n Do not set the GLOBAL_DBNAME parameter in the SID_LIST_listener_name section of the listener.ora.
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sales.us.example.com= (DESCRIPTION= (LOAD_BALANCE=on) (FAILOVER=on) (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=sales1-server)(PORT=1521)) (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=sales2-server)(PORT=1521)) (CONNECT_DATA= (SERVICE_NAME=sales.us.example.com) (FAILOVER_MODE=(TYPE=select)(METHOD=basic)) ) ) |
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sales.us.example.com= (DESCRIPTION= (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=sales1-server)(PORT=1521)) (CONNECT_DATA= (SERVICE_NAME=sales.us.example.com) (FAILOVER_MODE=(TYPE=select)(METHOD=basic)(RETRIES=20)(DELAY=15)) ) ) |
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sales1.us.example.com= (DESCRIPTION= (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=sales1-server)(PORT=1521)) (CONNECT_DATA= (SERVICE_NAME=sales.us.example.com) (INSTANCE_NAME=sales1) (FAILOVER_MODE=(BACKUP=sales2.us.example.com)(TYPE=select)(METHOD=preconnect)) ) ) sales2.us.example.com= (DESCRIPTION= (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=sales2-server)(PORT=1521)) (CONNECT_DATA= (SERVICE_NAME=sales.us.example.com) (INSTANCE_NAME=sales2) (FAILOVER_MODE=(BACKUP=sales1.us.example.com)(TYPE=select)(METHOD=preconnect)) ) ) |
n SELECT MACHINE, FAILOVER_TYPE, FAILOVER_METHOD, FAILED_OVER, COUNT(*)
FROM V$SESSION
GROUP BY MACHINE, FAILOVER_TYPE, FAILOVER_METHOD, FAILED_OVER;
l Specifying the Instance Role for Primary and Secondary
n CONNECT_DATA
u INSTANCE_ROLE(primary, secondary, any)
|
sales_primary= (DESCRIPTION= (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=sales1-server)(PORT=1521)) (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=sales2-server)(PORT=1521)) (CONNECT_DATA= (SERVICE_NAME=sales.us.example.com) (INSTANCE_ROLE=primary) ) ) sales_secondary= (DESCRIPTION= (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=sales1-server)(PORT=1521)) (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=sales2-server)(PORT=1521)) (CONNECT_DATA= (SERVICE_NAME=sales.us.example.com) (INSTANCE_ROLE=secondary) ) ) |
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sales1= (DESCRIPTION= (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=sales1-server)(PORT=1521)) (CONNECT_DATA= (SERVICE_NAME=sales.us.example.com) (INSTANCE_ROLE=any) (INSTANCE_NAME=sales2) (SERVER=dedicated) ) ) sales2= (DESCRIPTION= (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=sales2-server)(PORT=1521)) (CONNECT_DATA= (SERVICE_NAME=sales.us.example.com) (INSTANCE_ROLE=any) (INSTANCE_NAME=sales2) (SERVER=dedicated) ) ) |
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sales1.example.com= (DESCRIPTION= (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=sales1-server)(PORT=1521)) (CONNECT_DATA= (SERVICE_NAME=sales.us.example.com) (INSTANCE_ROLE=primary) (FAILOVER_MODE= (BACKUP=sales2.example.com) (TYPE=select) (METHOD=preconnect) ) ) ) sales2.example.com= (DESCRIPTION= (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=sales2-server)(PORT=1521)) (CONNECT_DATA= (SERVICE_NAME=sales.us.example.com) (INSTANCE_ROLE=secondary) ) ) |
l Oracle Net Services for External Procedures
l Oracle Net Services for Oracle Heterogeneous Services
l Oracle Net Services for an Oracle Rdb Database
第二部分 第十四章 性能调优
l Session Data Unit(SDU)
n sqlnet.ora
u DEFAULT_SDU_SIZE
l not set, Default 8192
l Shared server, Defaults 32767
u Client-Side / Server-Side Configuration
l I/O Buffer Space
n the number of concurrent connections
n the size of their respective buffers
n SEND_BUF_SIZE
n RECV_BUF_SIZE
n Bandwidth Delay
n DISPATCHERS
l SDP Protocol Support for Infiniband
l Limit Resource Consumption By Unauthorized Users
n listener.ora
u INBOUND_CONNECT_TIMEOUT_listener_name
n sqlnet.ora
u SQLNET.INBOUND_CONNECT_TIMEOUT
第三部分 第十五章 网络设置和测试连接
SQL> STARTUP database_name pfile=file
CMCTL> ADMINISTER [instance_name]
CMCTL> STARTUP
$ tnsping net_service_name count
$ trcroute net_service_name
第三部分 第十六章 排错
l Automatic Diagnostic Repository
n diag/product_type/product_id/instance_id
u tnslsnr
u cman
n Diagnostic Parameter in
u sqlnet.ora
u listener.ora
u cman.ora
l ADR Command Interpreter
n adrci>>
u Client Side
u Server Side
l Logging Parameters
n sqlnet.ora
n listener.ora
n cman.ora
n Configuration Files
l Tracing Files/Parameters
n sqlnet.ora
u TNSPING Trace Parameters
n listener.ora
n cman.ora