启动Net manager
运行netmgr启动Net manager(网络配置工具)，配置$ORACLE_HOME/network.admin目录下的3个文件。
Profile条目配置sqlnet.ora
Service naming条目配置tnsnames.ora
Listeners条目配置listener.ora
连接本地实例：sqlplus test/pass（唯一不需要侦听器的连接方式）
建立了侦听器，然后侦听器注册实例（静态，动态注册）。实例关闭时会自动解除对侦听器的注册
查看实例名，服务名：
select name,value,isdefault from v$parameter where name in ('instance_name','db_domain','service_name')
侦听器控制实用程序（lsnrctl）
oracle@linux-wc79:~/product/10.2/db_1/network/admin> lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 30-JUN-2011 22:58:48
Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=linux-wc79)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 30-JUN-2011 22:23:01
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 35 min. 47 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /home/oracle/product/10.2/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /home/oracle/product/10.2/db_1/network/log/listener.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=linux-wc79.site)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "cmis" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "cmis", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "infadb" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "infadb", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "tesdb" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "testdb", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "testdb" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "testdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "testdb_XPT" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "testdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
oracle@linux-wc79:~/product/10.2/db_1/network/admin> lsnrctl status list2
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 30-JUN-2011 22:59:37
Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=linux-wc79.site)(PORT=1522)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LIST2
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 30-JUN-2011 22:29:02
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 30 min. 35 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /home/oracle/product/10.2/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=linux-wc79.site)(PORT=1522)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully
其中默认侦听器支持服务testdb，而list2侦听器不支持服务（supports no services）
名称解析技术（sqlnet.ora指定）
sqlnet.ora文件配置中对应的两种解析：
NAMES.DIRECTORY_PATH= (EZCONNECT, TNSNAMES)
1. easy connect（不许任何配置，只限于TCP）
sqlplus test/pass@linux-wc79/testdb
向侦听注册的服务名和机器名linux-wc79一样可以：
sqlplus test/pass@linux-wc79
2. 本地名称解析方法
本地文件tnsnames.ora
3. 目录名称解析方法
4. 外部名称解析方法
配置动态服务注册：
1. 关掉侦听器LISTENER，保持list2 工作
Lsnrctl stop listener
Lsnrctl status list2
2. 用net manager配置一个和list2侦听端口一样的服务testdb_1522
3.oracle@linux-wc79:~/product/10.2/db_1/network/admin> lsnrctl status list2
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 01-JUL-2011 00:22:35
Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=linux-wc79.site)(PORT=1522)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias list2
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 01-JUL-2011 00:22:23
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 11 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /home/oracle/product/10.2/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=linux-wc79.site)(PORT=1522)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully
4.sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> alter system set local_listener='testdb_1522';
SQL> alter system register;
5.oracle@linux-wc79:~/product/10.2/db_1/network/admin> lsnrctl status list2
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 01-JUL-2011 00:22:55
Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=linux-wc79.site)(PORT=1522)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias list2
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 01-JUL-2011 00:22:23
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 31 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /home/oracle/product/10.2/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=linux-wc79.site)(PORT=1522)))
Services Summary...
Service "testdb" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "testdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "testdb_XPT" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "testdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
6.从1522端口登陆testdb_1522服务
oracle@linux-wc79:~> sqlplus test/pass@testdb_1522
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Fri Jul 1 09:14:43 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
SQL>
7.撤销动态注册（用sysdba登陆）
SQL> alter system set local_listener='';
静态注册
修改listener.ora文件，加上SID_LIST_LISTENER=（….）,对listener侦听器静态注册服务
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = testdb)
(ORACLE_HOME = /home/oracle/product/10.2/db_1)
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = tesdb)
)
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = cmis)
(ORACLE_HOME = /home/oracle/product/10.2/db_1)
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = cmis)
)
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = infadb)
(ORACLE_HOME = /home/oracle/product/10.2/db_1)
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = infadb)
)
)
LIST2 =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = linux-wc79.site)(PORT = 1522))
)
)
)
LOGGING_LIST2 = OFF
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = linux-wc79)(PORT = 1521))
)
TRACE_LEVEL_LIST2 = OFF
listener.ora/sqlnet.ora/tnsnames.ora配置文件详解
oracle网络配置
三个配置文件listener.ora、sqlnet.ora、tnsnames.ora，都是放在$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin目录下。
1. sqlnet.ora
sqlnet.ora-----通过这个文件来决定怎么样找一个连接中出现的连接字符串。
例如我们客户端输入
sqlplus sys/oracle@testdb
假如我的sqlnet.ora是下面这个样子
SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES= (NTS)，本地用户方式登陆需注释这一行（sqlplus / as sysdba）
NAMES.DIRECTORY_PATH= (TNSNAMES,HOSTNAME)
NAMES.DIRECTORY_PATH= (TNSNAMES, ONAMES, HOSTNAME)
那么，客户端就会首先在tnsnames.ora文件中找testdb的记录.如果没有相应的记录则尝试把testdb当作一个主机名，通过网络的途径去解析它的ip地址然后去连接这个ip上GLOBAL_DBNAME=testdb这个实例，当然我这里testdb并不是一个主机名
如果我是这个样子
NAMES.DIRECTORY_PATH= (TNSNAMES)或NAMES.DIRECTORY_PATH= (EZCONNECT, TNSNAMES)
那么客户端就只会从tnsnames.ora查找teestdb的记录,括号中还有其他选项，如LDAP（目录名称解析）等并不常用。
2. tnsnames.ora
tnsnames.ora------这个文件类似于unix的hosts文件，提供的tnsname到主机名或者ip的对应。
只有当sqlnet.ora中类似NAMES.DIRECTORY_PATH= (TNSNAMES)这样，也就是客户端解析连接字符串的顺序中有TNSNAMES是，才会尝试使用这个文件。
例子：
TESTDB_1522 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = linux-wc79)(PORT = 1522))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = testdb)
)
)
TESTDB =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = linux-wc79)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = testdb)
)
)
LINUX-WC79 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = linux-wc79)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = testdb)
)
)
ORA_TEST：客户端连接服务器端使用的服务别名。注意一定要顶行书写，否则会无法识别服务别名。
PROTOCOL：客户端与服务器端通讯的协议，一般为TCP，该内容一般不用改。
HOST：ORACLE服务器端IP地址或者hostname。确保服务器端的监听启动正常。
PORT：数据库侦听正在侦听的端口，可以察看服务器端的listener.ora文件或在数据库侦听所在的机器的命令提示符下通过lnsrctl status [listener name]命令察看。此处Port的值一定要与数据库侦听正在侦听的端口一样。
SERVICE_NAME：在服务器端，用system用户登陆后，sqlplus> show parameter service_name命令查看。
3. listener.ora
listener.ora------listener监听器进程的配置文件
关于listener进程就不多说了，接受远程对数据库的接入申请并转交给oracle的服务器进程。所以如果不是使用的远程的连接，listener进程就不是必需的，同样的如果关闭listener进程并不会影响已经存在的数据库连接。
例子：
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = testdb)
(ORACLE_HOME = /home/oracle/product/10.2/db_1)
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = tesdb)
)
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = cmis)
(ORACLE_HOME = /home/oracle/product/10.2/db_1)
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = cmis)
)
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = infadb)
(ORACLE_HOME = /home/oracle/product/10.2/db_1)
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = infadb)
)
)
LIST2 =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = linux-wc79.site)(PORT = 1522))
)
)
)
LOGGING_LIST2 = OFF
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = linux-wc79)(PORT = 1521))
)
TRACE_LEVEL_LIST2 = OFF
LISTENER：监听名称，可以配置多个监听，多个监听的端口号要区分开来。
GLOBAL_DBNAME：全局数据库名。通过select * from global_name;查询得出
ORACLE_HOME：oracle软件的跟目录
SID_NAME：服务器端（本机）的SID
PROTOCOL：监听协议，一般都使用TCP
HOST：本机IP地址，双机时候使用浮动IP
PORT：监听的端口号，使用netstat –an检查该端口不被占用。
当你输入sqlplus sys/oracle@orcl的时候
1． 查询sqlnet.ora看看名称的解析方式，发现是TNSNAME
2． 则查询tnsnames.ora文件，从里边找orcl的记录，并且找到主机名，端口和service_name
3． 如果listener进程没有问题的话，建立与listener进程的连接。
4． 根据不同的服务器模式如专用服务器模式或者共享服务器模式，listener采取接下去的动作。默认是专用服务器模式，没有问题的话客户端就连接上了数据库的server process。
5． 这时候网络连接已经建立，listener进程的历史使命也就完成了。
sql*plus运行基本机理：
在用户输入sqlplus system/manager@test后，sqlplus程序会自动到sqlnet.ora文件中找NAMES.DEFAULT_DOMAIN参数，假如该参数存在，则将该参数中的值取出，加到网络服务名的后面，即此例中你的输入由sqlplus system/manager@test自动变为sqlplus system/manager@test.server.com，然后再到tnsnames.ora文件中找test.server.com网络服务名，这当然找不到了，因为该文件中只有test网络服务名，所以报错。解决的办法就是将sqlnet.ora文件中的NAMES.DEFAULT_DOMAIN参数注释掉即可，如#NAMES.DEFAULT_DOMAIN = server.com。假如NAMES.DEFAULT_DOMAIN参数不存在，则sqlplus程序会直接到tnsnames.ora文件中找test网络服务名，然后取出其中的host，port，tcp，service_name，利用这些信息将连接请求发送到正确的数据库服务器上。