数据库安装完成后启动数据库时报错如下：

SQL> startup
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2/db_1/dbs/initorcl.ora'

[root@oracle dbs]# cd /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2/db_1/dbs/
[root@oracle dbs]# ll
total 20
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 1544 Mar 12 17:24 hc_orcl11g.dat
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 2851 May 15  2009 init.ora
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   24 Mar 12 17:23 lkORCL11G
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1536 Mar 12 17:23 orapworcl11g
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 2560 Mar 12 17:25 spfileorcl11g.ora

没有initorcl.ora文件
于是将pfile参数文件拷贝过来并重新命名为initorcl.ora

[oracle@oracle ~]$ cp /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl11g/pfile/init.ora.2122015172334 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2/db_1/dbs/initorcl.ora
[oracle@oracle ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba


SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Thu Mar 12 21:37:24 2015


Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to an idle instance.


SQL> startup 
ORACLE instance started.


Total System Global Area 1603411968 bytes
Fixed Size                  2253664 bytes
Variable Size             989858976 bytes
Database Buffers          603979776 bytes
Redo Buffers                7319552 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.