1：错误信息： 
SQL> startup
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1/dbs/initorc11g.ora'

2：解决方法：

• oracle_base =/u01/app/oracle
• 执行如下命令：

cd /u01/app/oracle/admin/oracl11g/pfile/
cp init.ora.71420095101 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1/dbs/initorc11g.ora

3：重新启动服务：

[oracle@ORCL11G ~]$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on Sat Aug 15 22:13:12 2009

Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

SQL> conn / as sysdba 
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 238530560 bytes
Fixed Size 1299116 bytes
Variable Size 79695188 bytes
Database Buffers 155189248 bytes
Redo Buffers 2347008 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL>