Docker容器内部管理的终极指南：掌握核心技巧与最佳实践一 docker client 查看容器内部日志1.1 全部日志查看1.2 实时进行日志查看1.3 实时进行日志查看-显示详细时间戳1.4 日志查看-后5行1.5 日志查看-后5行二 docker client 查看容器内部运行的进程三从docker host进入到容器内部 - 分配shell四在docker host和容器之间进行数据复制4.1 从宿主机拷贝文件到容器4.2 从容器拷贝文件到宿主机五在docker host和容器之间进行数据卷文件共享5.1 创建共享数据卷5.2 挂载共享数据卷到superman015.3 挂载共享数据卷到superman02

Docker容器内部管理的终极指南：掌握核心技巧与最佳实践

一 docker client 查看容器内部日志

$ docker logs [容器ID]

1.1 全部日志查看

[superman@docker ~]$ docker logs 393e19a0d0a9

示例：

[superman@docker ~]$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE       COMMAND              CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                                     NAMES
b4ccd86df7e3   httpd:2.4   "httpd-foreground"   39 seconds ago   Up 38 seconds   0.0.0.0:32768->80/tcp, :::32768->80/tcp   jolly_thompson
[superman@docker ~]$ 
[superman@docker ~]$ docker logs b4ccd86df7e3
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
[Sat Jun 08 13:27:42.207112 2024] [mpm_event:notice] [pid 1:tid 140576319216960] AH00489: Apache/2.4.52 (Unix) configured -- resuming normal operations
[Sat Jun 08 13:27:42.208052 2024] [core:notice] [pid 1:tid 140576319216960] AH00094: Command line: 'httpd -D FOREGROUND'
[superman@docker ~]$

1.2 实时进行日志查看

[superman@docker ~]$ docker logs -f b4ccd86df7e3

示例：

[superman@docker ~]$ docker logs -f b4ccd86df7e3
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
[Sat Jun 08 13:27:42.207112 2024] [mpm_event:notice] [pid 1:tid 140576319216960] AH00489: Apache/2.4.52 (Unix) configured -- resuming normal operations
[Sat Jun 08 13:27:42.208052 2024] [core:notice] [pid 1:tid 140576319216960] AH00094: Command line: 'httpd -D FOREGROUND'

1.3 实时进行日志查看-显示详细时间戳

[superman@docker ~]$ docker logs -tf b4ccd86df7e3

示例：

[superman@docker ~]$ docker logs -tf b4ccd86df7e3
2024-06-08T13:27:42.202842014Z AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
2024-06-08T13:27:42.213102371Z AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
2024-06-08T13:27:42.213122427Z [Sat Jun 08 13:27:42.207112 2024] [mpm_event:notice] [pid 1:tid 140576319216960] AH00489: Apache/2.4.52 (Unix) configured -- resuming normal operations
2024-06-08T13:27:42.213125676Z [Sat Jun 08 13:27:42.208052 2024] [core:notice] [pid 1:tid 140576319216960] AH00094: Command line: 'httpd -D FOREGROUND'

1.4 日志查看-后5行

[superman@docker ~]$ docker logs --tail 5 b4ccd86df7e3

示例：

[superman@docker ~]$ docker logs --tail 5 b4ccd86df7e3
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
[Sat Jun 08 13:27:42.207112 2024] [mpm_event:notice] [pid 1:tid 140576319216960] AH00489: Apache/2.4.52 (Unix) configured -- resuming normal operations
[Sat Jun 08 13:27:42.208052 2024] [core:notice] [pid 1:tid 140576319216960] AH00094: Command line: 'httpd -D FOREGROUND'
[superman@docker ~]$

1.5 日志查看-后5行

[superman@docker ~]$ docker logs -n 5 b4ccd86df7e3

示例：

[superman@docker ~]$ docker logs -n 5 b4ccd86df7e3
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
[Sat Jun 08 13:27:42.207112 2024] [mpm_event:notice] [pid 1:tid 140576319216960] AH00489: Apache/2.4.52 (Unix) configured -- resuming normal operations
[Sat Jun 08 13:27:42.208052 2024] [core:notice] [pid 1:tid 140576319216960] AH00094: Command line: 'httpd -D FOREGROUND'
[superman@docker ~]$

二 docker client 查看容器内部运行的进程

在docker容器中，通常情况下⼀个容器只运行⼀个服务，⼀个服务可能能对1/多个进程。

在docker容器后台运行过程中，运行了哪些进程。

[superman@docker ~]$ docker top b4ccd86df7e3

示例：

[superman@docker ~]$ docker top b4ccd86df7e3
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                23672               23651               0                   21:27               ?                   00:00:00            httpd -DFOREGROUND
33                  23699               23672               0                   21:27               ?                   00:00:00            httpd -DFOREGROUND
33                  23700               23672               0                   21:27               ?                   00:00:00            httpd -DFOREGROUND
33                  23701               23672               0                   21:27               ?                   00:00:00            httpd -DFOREGROUND
[superman@docker ~]$

三从docker host进入到容器内部 - 分配shell

$ docker exec -it <容器ID>

[superman@docker ~]$ docker exec -it b4ccd86df7e3 /bin/bash

示例：

[superman@docker ~]$ docker exec -it b4ccd86df7e3 /bin/bash
root@b4ccd86df7e3:/usr/local/apache2#

[superman@docker ~]$ docker exec -it b4ccd86df7e3 bash

示例：

[superman@docker ~]$ docker exec -it b4ccd86df7e3 bash
root@b4ccd86df7e3:/usr/local/apache2# 
root@b4ccd86df7e3:/usr/local/apache2# exit
exit
[superman@docker ~]$

exit #退出容器，回到docker宿主机；docker容器内部无法执行完整所有linux命令,系统命令已经为精简系统。

四在docker host和容器之间进行数据复制

4.1 从宿主机拷贝文件到容器

$ docker cp [宿主机文件路径] [容器ID:容器路径]

[superman@docker ~]$ docker cp ./index.html b4ccd86df7e3:/usr/local/apache2/htdocs

示例：

[superman@docker ~]$ cat index.html

lang=en>

    charset=UTF-8>
    Welcome to Apache




[superman@docker ~]$ 
[superman@docker ~]$ curl 192.168.0.121:32768
It works!
[superman@docker ~]$ 
[superman@docker ~]$ docker cp ./index.html b4ccd86df7e3:/usr/local/apache2/htdocs
                                             Successfully copied 2.05kB to b4ccd86df7e3:/usr/local/apache2/htdocs
[superman@docker ~]$ 
[superman@docker ~]$ curl 192.168.0.121:32768                                     

lang=en>

    charset=UTF-8>
    Welcome to Apache




[superman@docker ~]$

4.2 从容器拷贝文件到宿主机

$ docker cp [容器ID:容器路径] [宿主机文件路径]

[superman@docker ~]$ docker cp b4ccd86df7e3:/usr/local/apache2/htdocs ./

示例：

[superman@docker ~]$ ls
index.html  index.html.1
[superman@docker ~]$ 
[superman@docker ~]$ rm -rf *
[superman@docker ~]$ 
[superman@docker ~]$ ls
[superman@docker ~]$ 
[superman@docker ~]$ docker cp b4ccd86df7e3:/usr/local/apache2/htdocs/index.html ./
                                               Successfully copied 2.05kB to /home/superman/./
[superman@docker ~]$ 
[superman@docker ~]$ ls
index.html
[superman@docker ~]$

五在docker host和容器之间进行数据卷文件共享

docker支持文件共享数据卷在宿主机中创建⼀个共享目录，将其映射到容器路径中。当前目录在宿主机中可以和容器进行文件共享。文件共享数据卷必须在创建容器时，指定共享路径。容器创建完毕后无法进行文件共享数据卷创建。

 -v host-dir:container-dir

必须/⼀定使用绝对路径。

5.1 创建共享数据卷

[superman@docker ~]$ mkdir superman_share

示例：

[superman@docker ~]$ mkdir superman_share
[superman@docker ~]$ 
[superman@docker ~]$ cp index.html ./superman_share/
[superman@docker ~]$ 
[superman@docker ~]$ ls ./superman_share/
index.html
[superman@docker ~]$

5.2 挂载共享数据卷到superman01

[superman@docker ~]$ docker run -d -p 10001:80 --name superman01 -v /home/superman/superman_share:/usr/local/apache2/htdocs httpd:2.4

示例：

[superman@docker ~]$ docker run -d -p 10001:80 --name superman01 -v /home/superman/superman_share:/usr/local/apache2/htdocs httpd:2.4
158b2ca4350bc43f2f892971f9b58fb36bc4d9ae5c804bd2af63cf7e96ca2733
[superman@docker ~]$ 
[superman@docker ~]$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE       COMMAND              CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                                     NAMES
158b2ca4350b   httpd:2.4   "httpd-foreground"   7 seconds ago    Up 6 seconds    0.0.0.0:10001->80/tcp, :::10001->80/tcp   superman01
b4ccd86df7e3   httpd:2.4   "httpd-foreground"   34 minutes ago   Up 34 minutes   0.0.0.0:32768->80/tcp, :::32768->80/tcp   jolly_thompson
[superman@docker ~]$ 
[superman@docker ~]$ curl 192.168.0.121:10001

lang=en>

    charset=UTF-8>
    Welcome to Apache




[superman@docker ~]$

5.3 挂载共享数据卷到superman02

[superman@docker ~]$ docker run -d -p 10002:80 --name superman02 -v /home/superman/superman_share:/usr/local/apache2/htdocs httpd:2.4

示例：

[superman@docker ~]$ docker run -d -p 10002:80 --name superman02 -v /home/superman/superman_share:/usr/local/apache2/htdocs httpd:2.4
aa491a7ac7ab9feacae5ba4bf8275f6646ecc2d85d12c4009db10ecc8ca82af4
[superman@docker ~]$ 
[superman@docker ~]$ docker ps               
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE       COMMAND              CREATED              STATUS              PORTS                                     NAMES
aa491a7ac7ab   httpd:2.4   "httpd-foreground"   5 seconds ago        Up 4 seconds        0.0.0.0:10002->80/tcp, :::10002->80/tcp   superman02
158b2ca4350b   httpd:2.4   "httpd-foreground"   About a minute ago   Up About a minute   0.0.0.0:10001->80/tcp, :::10001->80/tcp   superman01
b4ccd86df7e3   httpd:2.4   "httpd-foreground"   36 minutes ago       Up 35 minutes       0.0.0.0:32768->80/tcp, :::32768->80/tcp   jolly_thompson
[superman@docker ~]$ 
[superman@docker ~]$ curl 192.168.0.121:10002

lang=en>

    charset=UTF-8>
    Welcome to Apache




[superman@docker ~]$

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