- Linux 直接挂载磁盘
[root@11g-primary ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1 18G 15G 1.7G 91% /
tmpfs 635M 0 635M 0% /dev/shm
[root@11g-primary ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 2349 18868311 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2350 2610 2096482+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table
[root@11g-primary ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
content won't be recoverable.
The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 2610.
There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
and could in certain setups cause problems with:
1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
1
Invalid partition number for type `1'
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-2610, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-2610, default 2610):
Using default value 2610
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@11g-primary ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 2349 18868311 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2350 2610 2096482+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
[root@11g-primary ~]# mkfs -t ext3 -c /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
2621440 inodes, 5241198 blocks
262059 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
160 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
16384 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000
Checking for bad blocks (read-only test): done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 22 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@11g-primary ~]# mkdir /u02
[root@11g-primary ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /u02
[root@11g-primary ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1 18G 15G 1.7G 91% /
tmpfs 635M 0 635M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sdb1 20G 173M 19G 1% /u02
[root@11g-primary ~]# vi /etc/fstab
LABEL=/ / ext3 defaults 1 1
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
LABEL=SWAP-sda2 swap swap defaults 0 0
/dev/sdb1 /u02 ext3 defaults 0 0
-
Linux LVM配置过程
[root@DB02 ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3916 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000724a8
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 26 204800 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 26 548 4194304 82 Linux swap / Solaris
Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda3 548 3917 27057152 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdb: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3916 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
[root@DB02 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x447e4e60.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3916 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x447e4e60
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-3916, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-3916, default 3916):
Using default value 3916
Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 1 to 8e (Linux LVM)
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3916 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x447e4e60
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 3916 31455238+ 8e Linux LVM
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
-
一、创建逻辑卷
将新创建的两个分区/dev/sdb1转化成物理卷,主要是添加LVM属性信息并划分PE存储单元
[root@DB02 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1
dev_is_mpath: failed to get device for 8:17
Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created
[root@DB02 ~]# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/sdb1 lvm2 a-- 30.00g 30.00g
[root@DB02 ~]# pvdisplay
"/dev/sdb1" is a new physical volume of "30.00 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdb1
VG Name
PV Size 30.00 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID L1fQpn-ovur-Xgu2-XdcE-IdPq-RAW7-QlFJ6g
-
创建卷组 vgdata ,并将刚才创建好的物理卷加入该卷组.可以看出默认PE大小为4MB,PE是卷组的最小存储单元.可以通过 –s参数修改大小。
[root@DB02 ~]# vgcreate vgdata /dev/sdb1
Volume group "vgdata" successfully created
[root@DB02 ~]# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
vgdata 1 0 0 wz--n- 30.00g 30.00g
[root@DB02 ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vgdata
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 1
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 0
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size 30.00 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 7679
Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0
Free PE / Size 7679 / 30.00 GiB
VG UUID B65XI5-sxuT-3dYE-Sgh9-gFAT-ejVf-bgCScs
-
从物理卷vgdata上面分割15G给新的逻辑卷lvdata1.
[root@DB02 ~]# lvcreate -L 15G -n lvdata01 vgdata
Logical volume "lvdata01" created
[root@DB02 ~]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
lvdata01 vgdata -wi-a----- 15.00g
[root@DB02 ~]# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/vgdata/lvdata01
LV Name lvdata01
VG Name vgdata
LV UUID VGalZV-etmj-yoob-QKLo-8RdX-3JC4-wS7s7l
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time DB02, 2015-11-24 13:29:13 +0800
LV Status available
# open 0
LV Size 15.00 GiB
Current LE 3840
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:0
-
使用mkfs.ext4命令在逻辑卷lvdata01上创建ext4文件系统.
[root@DB02 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vgdata/lvdata01
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
983040 inodes, 3932160 blocks
196608 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4026531840
120 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 25 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
- 挂载逻辑卷
[root@DB02 ~]# mkdir -p /u01
[root@DB02 ~]# mount /dev/vgdata/lvdata01 /u01
[root@DB02 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 26G 6.9G 18G 29% /
tmpfs 1000M 76K 1000M 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 194M 34M 151M 19% /boot
/dev/sr0 3.6G 3.6G 0 100% /media/RHEL_6.5 x86_64 Disc 1
/dev/mapper/vgdata-lvdata01 15G 166M 14G 2%/u01
-
修改/etc/fstab最后一行加入
/dev/mapper/vgdata-lvdata01 /u01 ext4 defaults 0 0
-
二、扩展逻辑卷
给逻辑卷增加空间并不会影响以前空间的使用，所以无需卸载文件系统，直接通过命令lvextend –L +500M /dev/vgdata/lvdata01或者lvextend –l 2.5G /dev/vgdata/lvdata01 给lvdata01增加500M空间（lvdata01目前是15G空间）设置完成之后，记得使用resize2fs命令来同步文件系统。
[root@DB02 ~]# lvextend -L +500M /dev/vgdata/lvdata01
Extending logical volume lvdata01 to 15.49 GiB
Logical volume lvdata01 successfully resized
[root@DB02 ~]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
lvdata01 vgdata -wi-ao---- 15.49g
[root@DB02 ~]# resize2fs /dev/vgdata/lvdata01
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem at /dev/vgdata/lvdata01 is mounted on /u01; on-line resizing required
old desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 1
Performing an on-line resize of /dev/vgdata/lvdata01 to 4060160 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/vgdata/lvdata01 is now 4060160 blocks long.