-
启用lzo
-
安装lzo
-
增加索引
简介
启用lzo的压缩方式对于小规模集群是很有用处,压缩比率大概能降到原始日志大小的1/3。同时解压缩的速度也比较快。
lzo并不是linux系统原生支持,所以需要下载安装软件包。这里至少需要安装3个软件包:lzo, lzop, hadoop-gpl-packaging。
gpl-packaging的作用主要是对压缩的lzo文件创建索引,否则的话,无论压缩文件是否大于hdfs的block大小,都只会按照默认启动2个map操作。
部署
安装lzop native library
[root@localhost ~]# wget http://www.oberhumer.com/opensource/lzo/download/lzo-2.06.tar.gz[root@localhost ~]# tar -zxvf lzo-2.06.tar.gz[root@localhost ~]# cd lzo-2.06[root@localhost ~]# export CFLAGS=-m64[root@localhost ~]# ./configure -enable-shared -prefix=/usr/local/hadoop/lzo/[root@localhost ~]# make && sudo make install编译完lzo包之后,会在/usr/local/hadoop/lzo/生成一些文件。 将/usr/local/hadoop/lzo目录下的所有文件打包,并同步到集群中的所有机器上。 在编译lzo包的时候,需要一些环境,可以用下面的命令安装好lzo编译环境 [root@localhost ~]# yum -y install lzo-devel zlib-devel gcc autoconf automake libtool1234567891011121314151617181912345678910111213141516171819
安装hadoop-lzo
这里下载的是Twitter hadoop-lzo,可以用Maven(如何安装Maven请参照本博客的《Linux命令行下安装Maven与配置》)进行编译。 [root@localhost ~]# wget https://github.com/twitter/hadoop-lzo/archive/master.zip下载后的文件名是master,它是一个zip格式的压缩包,可以进行解压: [root@localhost ~]# unzip master解压后的文件夹名为hadoop-lzo-master 当然,如果你电脑安装了git,你也可以用下面的命令去下载 [root@localhost ~]# git clone https://github.com/twitter/hadoop-lzo.githadoop-lzo中的pom.xml依赖了hadoop2.1.0-beta,由于我们这里用到的是Hadoop 2.2.0,所以建议将hadoop版本修改为2.2.0:然后进入hadoop-lzo-master目录,依次执行下面的命令 [root@localhost ~]# export CFLAGS=-m64[root@localhost ~]# export CXXFLAGS=-m64[root@localhost ~]# export C_INCLUDE_PATH=/usr/local/hadoop/lzo/include[root@localhost ~]# export LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/hadoop/lzo/lib[root@localhost ~]# mvn clean package -Dmaven.test.skip=true[root@localhost ~]# cd target/native/Linux-amd64-64[root@localhost ~]# tar -cBf - -C lib . | tar -xBvf - -C ~[root@localhost ~]# cp ~/libgplcompression* $HADOOP_HOME/lib/native/[root@localhost ~]# cp target/hadoop-lzo-0.4.18-SNAPSHOT.jar $HADOOP_HOME/share/hadoop/common/其实在tar -cBf – -C lib . | tar -xBvf – -C ~命令之后,会在~目录下生成一下几个文件: [root@localhost ~]# ls -l1-rw-r--r-- 1 libgplcompression.a2-rw-r--r-- 1 libgplcompression.la3lrwxrwxrwx 1 libgplcompression.so -> libgplcompression.so.0.0.04lrwxrwxrwx 1 libgplcompression.so.0 -> libgplcompression.so.0.0.05-rwxr-xr-x 1 libgplcompression.so.0.0.0其中libgplcompression.so和libgplcompression.so.0是链接文件,指向libgplcompression.so.0.0.0,将刚刚生成的libgplcompression*和target/hadoop-lzo-0.4.18-SNAPSHOT.jar同步到集群中的所有机器对应的目录。1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950515212345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152 UTF-8 2.2.0 1.0.4
配置hadoop环境变量
1、在Hadoop中的$HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh加上下面配置: export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/hadoop/lzo/lib 2、在$HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/core-site.xml加上如下配置:io.compression.codecs org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.GzipCodec, org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.DefaultCodec, com.hadoop.compression.lzo.LzoCodec, com.hadoop.compression.lzo.LzopCodec, org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.BZip2Codec 3、在$HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml加上如下配置 io.compression.codec.lzo.class com.hadoop.compression.lzo.LzoCodec mapred.compress.map.output true mapred.map.output.compression.codec com.hadoop.compression.lzo.LzoCodec 将刚刚修改的配置文件全部同步到集群的所有机器上,并重启Hadoop集群,这样就可以在Hadoop中使用lzo。123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536 mapred.child.env LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/hadoop/lzo/lib
验证lzo(通过hive测试)
创建lzo表
CREATE TABLE lzo ( ip STRING,user STRING,time STRING, request STRING, status STRING,size STRING, rt STRING, referer STRING, agent STRING, forwarded String ) partitioned by (date string, host string )row format delimited fields terminated by '\t'STORED AS INPUTFORMAT "com.hadoop.mapred.DeprecatedLzoTextInputFormat"OUTPUTFORMAT "org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.HiveIgnoreKeyTextOutputFormat";12345678910111213141516171819201234567891011121314151617181920
导入数据
LOAD DATA Local INPATH '/home/hadoop/data/access_20151230_25.log.lzo' INTO TABLE lzo PARTITION(date=20151229,host=25);/home/hadoop/data/access_20151219.log文件的格式如下:xxx.xxx.xx.xxx - [23/Dec/2015:23:22:38 +0800] "GET /ClientGetResourceDetail.action?id=318880&token=Ocm HTTP/1.1" 200 199 0.008 "xxx.com" "Android4.1.2/LENOVO/Lenovo A706/ch_lenovo/80" "-"直接采用lzop /home/hadoop/data/access_20151219.log即可生成lzo格式压缩文件/home/hadoop/data/access_20151219.log.lzo1234512345
索引LZO文件
1. 批量lzo文件修改 $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoop jar /home/hadoop/hadoop-2.2.0/share/hadoop/common/hadoop-lzo-0.4.20-SNAPSHOT.jar com.hadoop.compression.lzo.DistributedLzoIndexer /user/hive/warehouse/lzo 2. 单个lzo文件修改 $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoop jar /home/hadoop/hadoop-2.2.0/share/hadoop/common/hadoop-lzo-0.4.20-SNAPSHOT.jarcom.hadoop.compression.lzo.LzoIndexer/user/hive/warehouse/lzo/20151228/lzo_test_20151228.lzo1234567891011121312345678910111213
利用hive执行mr任务
set hive.exec.reducers.max=10; set mapred.reduce.tasks=10;select ip,rt from nginx_lzo limit 10; 在hive的控制台能看到类似如下格式输出,就表示正确了! hive> set hive.exec.reducers.max=10; hive> set mapred.reduce.tasks=10; hive> select ip,rt from lzo limit 10; Total MapReduce jobs = 1Launching Job 1 out of 1Number of reduce tasks is set to 0 since there's no reduce operator Starting Job = job_1388065803340_0009, Tracking URL = http://mycluster:8088/proxy/application_1388065803340_0009/ Kill Command = /home/hadoop/hadoop-2.2.0/bin/hadoop job -kill job_1388065803340_0009 Hadoop job information for Stage-1: number of mappers: 1; number of reducers: 02013-12-27 09:13:39,163 Stage-1 map = 0%, reduce = 0%2013-12-27 09:13:45,343 Stage-1 map = 100%, reduce = 0%, Cumulative CPU 1.22 sec2013-12-27 09:13:46,369 Stage-1 map = 100%, reduce = 0%, Cumulative CPU 1.22 sec MapReduce Total cumulative CPU time: 1 seconds 220 msec Ended Job = job_1388065803340_0009 MapReduce Jobs Launched: Job 0: Map: 1 Cumulative CPU: 1.22 sec HDFS Read: 63570 HDFS Write: 315 SUCCESS Total MapReduce CPU Time Spent: 1 seconds 220 msec OK xxx.xxx.xx.xxx "XXX.com"Time taken: 17.498 seconds, Fetched: 10 row(s)123456789101112131415161718192021222324123456789101112131415161718192021222324
修改使用中hive表的输入输出格