1.系统安装： 安装Centos7.4 桌面版本，注意，swap分区要是内存的2倍
2.系统安装完成后
#安装工具包
yum install -y vim wget net-tools unzip zip
#安装依赖
yum -y install binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33*i686 compat-libstdc++-33*.devel compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33*.devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc*.i686 glibc-devel glibc-devel*.i686 ksh libaio libaio*.i686 libaio-devel libaio-devel*.devel libgcc libgcc*.i686 libstdc++ libstdc++*.i686 libstdc++-devel libstdc++-devel*.devel libXi libXi*.i686 libXtst libXtst*.i686 make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC*.i686 unixODBC-devel unixODBC-devel*.i686
#关闭selinux、防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld.service
systemctl disable firewalld.service
firewall-cmd --state
sed -i '/^SELINUX=.*/c SELINUX=disabled' /etc/selinux/config
sed -i 's/^SELINUXTYPE=.*/SELINUXTYPE=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
grep --color=auto '^SELINUX' /etc/selinux/config
setenforce 0
# 创建用户和组
groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
groupadd oper
useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle
echo "123456" | passwd --stdin oracle #oracle用户的登录密码，后续登录要用，记着。
#创建目录
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app
chmod -R 775 /u01/app
#修改系统参数
echo '
* soft nofile 655350
* hard nofile 655350
* soft nproc 655350
* hard nproc 655350
* soft stack 6553600
* hard stack 655360
* soft memlock unlimited
* hard memlock unlimited
* soft core unlimited
* hard core unlimited
'>>/etc/security/limits.conf
echo '
# Controls IP packet forwarding
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0
# Controls source route verification
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1
# Do not accept source routing
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0
# Controls the System Request debugging functionality of the kernel
kernel.sysrq = 0
# Controls whether core dumps will append the PID to the core filename.
# Useful for debugging multi-threaded applications.
kernel.core_uses_pid = 1
# Controls the use of TCP syncookies
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
# Disable netfilter on bridges.
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 0
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 0
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-arptables = 0
# Controls the default maxmimum size of a mesage queue
kernel.msgmnb = 65536
# Controls the maximum size of a message, in bytes
kernel.msgmax = 65536
# Controls the maximum shared segment size, in bytes
kernel.shmmax = 68719476736
# Controls the maximum number of shared memory segments, in pages
kernel.shmall = 4294967296
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 1200
#表示当keepalive起用的时候，TCP发送keepalive消息的频度。缺省是2小时，改为20分钟。
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
##表示用于向外连接的端口范围。缺省情况下很小：32768到61000，改为1024到65000。
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 8192
##表示SYN队列的长度，默认为1024，加大队列长度为8192，可以容纳更多等待连接的网络连接数。
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 5000
##表示系统同时保持TIME_WAIT套接字的最大数量，如果超过这个数字，TIME_WAIT套接字将立刻被清除并打印警告信息。
vm.max_map_count=655360
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
'>/etc/sysctl.conf
添加系统变量
vi ~oracle/.bash_profile
export PATH
export NLS_LANG="SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.AL32UTF8"
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH:HOME/bin
export EDITOR=/bin/vi
#上传下载的安装包
wget -P /u01/app/oracle
cd /orcl/app/oracle
#切换用户
su oracle
cd /u01/app/oracle
unzip linuxx64_12201_database.zip
export
cd /u01/app/oracle/database
#重启
reboot
oracle用户登录系统执行安装
cd /u01/app/oracle/database
./runInstaller
#出现上图画面时，新开一个命令行，切换到root用户 执行2个脚本
su root
sh /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh #回车
sh /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh #回车
#常用命令 # 增加文件，扩展表空间 ALTER TABLESPACE USERS ADD DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users03.dbf' size 200m autoextend on next 100m maxsize unlimited; #创建用户和表空间，并授权 create tablespace fang datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/fang.dbf' size 200m autoextend on next 100m maxsize unlimited; create user fang identified by 123456 default tablespace fang; grant connect,resource to fang; grant dba to fang; #远程访问命令 sqlplus fang/123456@172.16.2.170:1521/orcl sqlplus sys/password@192.168.0.1:1521/orcl as sysdba #修改数据库自动增长空间 ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE 'c:SmartDB01.ora' AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 2G 导入数据 imp fang/123456@172.16.2.170:1521/orcl file=./fang_2020_11_09.dmp log=./imp_fang_new.log full=y ignore=y statistics=none exp fang/123456@172.16.2.170:1521/orcl file=./bj202011211.dmp full=y #查看表空间大小 select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as free_space,tablespace_name from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name; #查询表空间剩余大小 SELECT temp_used.tablespace_name, total - used as "Free", total as "Total", round(nvl(total - used, 0) * 100 / total, 3) "Free percent"FROM (SELECT tablespace_name, SUM(bytes_used) / 1024 / 1024 used FROM GV_$TEMP_SPACE_HEADER GROUP BY tablespace_name) temp_used, (SELECT tablespace_name, SUM(bytes) / 1024 / 1024 total FROM dba_temp_files GROUP BY tablespace_name) temp_total WHERE temp_used.tablespace_name = temp_total.tablespace_name ORDER BY B.TABLESPACE, B.SEGFILE#, B.SEGBLK#, B.BLOCKS; alter database tempfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf' autoextend on next 500m maxsize unlimited; drop tablespace fang including contents and datafiles cascade constraint;–删除表空间 #数据库状态 lsnrctl status dbca 安装数据库 netca 监听器启动安装 netmgrselect * from dual; 查看数据库的并发连接数：select count(*) from v$session where status=‘ACTIVE’; 查看当前数据库建立的会话情况：select sid,serial#,username,program,machine,status from v$session; 查询数据库允许的最大连接数：select value from v$parameter where name = ‘processes’; 或者：show parameter processes; 修改数据库允许的最大连接数： alter system set processes = 5000 scope = spfile; (需要重启数据库才能实现连接数的修改) 一、停止EXP/IMP优化速度 可以直接KILL 进程,但先要KILL 父进程，然后KILL子进程，只KILL子进程，EXP/IMP还会在后台执行的 样例：ps -ef |grep imp 查询到pid，kill -9 pid 、kill -9 ppid,就可以了 一、停止EXP/IMP优化速度 可以直接KILL 进程,但先要KILL 父进程，然后KILL子进程，只KILL子进程，EXP/IMP还会在后台执行的 样例：ps -ef |grep imp 查询到pid，kill -9 pid 、kill -9 ppid,就可以了 ps -ef |grep exp 重启数据库： shutdown immediate; startup;