需要创建DIRECTORY
expdp,impdp是新的数据导出,导入工具,是基于server端的工具,所有的文件需要在服务器端存放,这是有别与旧的导出/导入工具(exp,imp).
创建的语句: create or replace directory dmp_dir as '/dmp';
给用户赋权: grant read,write on dmp_dir to user1,user2;

[@more@]

我们可以为数据文件和日志文件创建不同的directory
create ora replace directory dmp_log as '/dmplog/';
导出数据时,将数据文件与日志文件存放到不同的地方
expdp user1/***** directory=dmp_dir dumpfile=user1.dmp logfile=dmp_log:user1.log
SQL>SELECT directory_name, directory_path FROM dba_directories ;
查询目前已经定义的DIRECTORY.
导出,导入的文件集合的名称可以自动生成,使用%U
expdp user1/**** directory=dmp_dir dumpfile=user1_%U.dmp filesize=2g logfile=user1.log
这样可以自动从01开始编号,避免了旧工具导出时文件名称重复的问题.

新旧导出工具的操作有所不同,下面摘录了具体的解释,来自与ORACLE的官方文档.
Table 3-2 Original Import Parameters and Their Counterparts in Data Pump Import

Original Import Parameter	Comparable Data Pump Import Parameter
BUFFER	A parameter comparable to BUFFER is not needed.
CHARSET	A parameter comparable to CHARSET is not needed.
COMMIT	A parameter comparable to COMMIT is not supported.
COMPILE	A parameter comparable to COMPILE is not supported.
CONSTRAINTS	EXCLUDE=CONSTRAINT
DATAFILES	TRANSPORT_DATAFILES
DESTROY	REUSE_DATAFILES
FEEDBACK	STATUS
FILE	DUMPFILE
FILESIZE	Not necessary. It is included in the dump file set.
FROMUSER	SCHEMAS
FULL	FULL
GRANTS	EXCLUDE=GRANT
HELP	HELP
IGNORE	TABLE_EXISTS_ACTION
INDEXES	EXCLUDE=INDEX
INDEXFILE	SQLFILE with INCLUDE INDEX
LOG	LOGFILE
PARFILE	PARFILE
RECORDLENGTH	A parameter comparable to RECORDLENGTH is not needed.
RESUMABLE	A parameter comparable to RESUMABLE is not needed. It is automatically defaulted for privileged users.
RESUMABLE_NAME	A parameter comparable to RESUMABLE_NAME is not needed. It is automatically defaulted for privileged users.
RESUMABLE_TIMEOUT	A parameter comparable to RESUMABLE_TIMEOUT is not needed. It is automatically defaulted for privileged users.
ROWS=N	CONTENT=METADATA_ONLY
ROWS=Y	CONTENT=ALL
SHOW	SQLFILE
SKIP_UNUSABLE_INDEXES	SKIP_UNUSABLE_INDEXES
STATISTICS	A parameter comparable to STATISTICS is not needed. If the source table has statistics, they are imported.
STREAMS_CONFIGURATION	STREAMS_CONFIGURATION
STREAMS_INSTANTIATION	A parameter comparable to STREAMS_INSTANTIATION is not needed.
TABLES	TABLES
TABLESPACES	This parameter still exists, but some of its functionality is now performed using the TRANSPORT_TABLESPACES parameter.
TOID_NOVALIDATE	A command comparable to TOID_NOVALIDATE is not needed. OIDs are no longer used for type validation.
TOUSER	REMAP_SCHEMA
TRANSPORT_TABLESPACE	TRANSPORT_TABLESPACES (see command description)
TTS_OWNERS	A parameter comparable to TTS_OWNERS is not needed because the information is stored in the dump file set.
USERID	A parameter comparable to USERID is not needed. This information is supplied as the username/password when you invoke Import.
VOLSIZE	A parameter comparable to VOLSIZE is not needed because tapes are not supported.

使用INCLUDE,EXCLUDE参数来实现更加灵活的对象筛选操作.

INCLUDE 是包含且仅包含的对象条件;EXCLUDE 是排除的对象条件.

INCLUDE,EXCLUDE 的条件表达式在windows环境里不需要输入转义字符,在UNIX/LINUX环境下一定需要使用转义字符'/';下面通过linux环境下的几个例子来说明一下INCLUDE,EXCLUDE的使用方法.

Syntax and Description

EXCLUDE=object_type[:name_clause] [, ...]

Name_clause是一个SQL 表达式语句,大致可以有下面几个格式:

EXCLUDE=SCHEMA:"='HR'"

EXCLUDE=VIEW

EXCLUDE=PACKAGE

EXCLUDE=FUNCTION

EXCLUDE=TABLE

EXCLUDE=INDEX

EXCLUDE=PROCEDURE

我们可以使用'=' 'LIKE' 'IN()'等方式来书写表达式,举几个例子:

EXCLUDE=SCHEMA:"='HR'"

LINUX格式: EXCLUDE=SCHEMA:/"/=/'HR/'/"

导出时不包括HR用户的数据

EXCLUDE=TABLE:" LIKE 'EMP_%'"

UNIX格式:EXCLUDE=TABLE:/" LIKE /'EMP_%/'/"

导出是不包括表名称以'EMP_'开头的表,例如不导出 EMP_USERS等等.

EXCLUDE=INDEX:" IN ('PK_EMP','PK_CUST','PK_WORK')"

UNIX格式: EXCLUDE=INDEX:/" IN /(/'PK_EMP/',/'PK_CUST/',/'PK_WORK/'/)/"

导出不包括PK_EMP,PK_CUST,PK_WORK的索引

EXCLUDE=VIEW,PACKAGE, FUNCTION

导出是不包括VIEW,PACKAGE,FUNCTION等类型的对象

Expdp,impdp工具的使用