Oracle的监听程序与操作系统的设置信息结合的很紧密，稍有不慎便会遇到无法启动的问题。
本文就监听的TNS-12560及TNS-00515错误给出分析及处理方法。

1.TNS-12560及TNS-00515报错现象
1）使用监听status命令获取到的报错信息
ora10g@secdb /home/oracle$ lsnrctl

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 25-MAR-2011 21:18:03

Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Welcome to LSNRCTL, type "help" for information.

LSNRCTL> status
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=secdb)(PORT=1521)))
TNS-12545: Connect failed because target host or object does not exist
TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
TNS-00515: Connect failed because target host or object does not exist

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC0)))
TNS-12541: TNS:no listener
TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
TNS-00511: No listener
   Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory

2）使用监听start命令获取到的报错信息
LSNRCTL> start
Starting /oracle/ora10gR2/product/10.2.0/db_2/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
System parameter file is /oracle/ora10gR2/product/10.2.0/db_2/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /oracle/ora10gR2/product/10.2.0/db_2/network/log/listener.log
Error listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=secdb)(PORT=1521)))
TNS-12545: Connect failed because target host or object does not exist
TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
TNS-00515: Connect failed because target host or object does not exist

Listener failed to start. See the error message(s) above...

注意这里连续抛出TNS-12545和TNS-00515信息均给出同样的报错内容“Connect failed because target host or object does not exist”。

2.问题原因
/etc/hosts文件内容设置不正确是本例问题的所在。
1）/etc/hosts文件内容如下
[root@secdb ~]# cat /etc/hosts
# Do not remove the following line, or various programs
# that require network functionality will fail.
127.0.0.1               localhost localhost.localdomain localhost
::1             localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6

2）获取主机名信息
[root@secdb ~]# hostname
secdb

导致监听无法正常启动的原因便在这里：hosts文件内容与主机名设置的不一致！

3.问题处理
1）修改hosts文件内容
确保hosts文件中的内容与主机名保持一致。否则便会出现监听无法启动的问题。
[root@secdb ~]# vi /etc/hosts
# Do not remove the following line, or various programs
# that require network functionality will fail.
127.0.0.1               secdb localhost.localdomain localhost
::1             localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6
~
~

2）尝试启动监听
LSNRCTL> start
Starting /oracle/ora10gR2/product/10.2.0/db_2/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
System parameter file is /oracle/ora10gR2/product/10.2.0/db_2/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /oracle/ora10gR2/product/10.2.0/db_2/network/log/listener.log
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=secdb)(PORT=1521)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC0)))

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=secdb)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date                25-MAR-2011 21:20:55
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /oracle/ora10gR2/product/10.2.0/db_2/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /oracle/ora10gR2/product/10.2.0/db_2/network/log/listener.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=secdb)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC0)))
Services Summary...
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

3）查看监听状态
稍等片刻，等待数据库实例动态注册到监听中。
LSNRCTL> status
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=secdb)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date                25-MAR-2011 21:52:51
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 3 min. 0 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /oracle/ora10gR2/product/10.2.0/db_2/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /oracle/ora10gR2/product/10.2.0/db_2/network/log/listener.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=secdb)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC0)))
Services Summary...
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "ora10g" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ora10g", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "ora10gXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ora10g", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "ora10g_XPT" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ora10g", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "ora11g" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ora11g", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

可见，此时监听已经成功启动并运行正常。

4.小结
处理有关监听方面的故障时，多注意观察错误提示信息的内容，60%的情况下错误提示信息本身包含了比较有意义的信息。例如本例中，错误提示反复提到“target host”目标主机这个关键字，可以由此深入进去进行问题排查。

Good luck.

secooler
11.03.25

-- The End --

【LISTENER】Oracle监听TNS-12545及TNS-00515错误处理一例