
来源:阿里云开发者
阿里妹导读
你的useMemo真正为你的项目带来了多少性能上的优化?由于useMemo和useCallback类似,所以本文全文会在大部分地方以useMemo为例,部分例子使用useCallback帮助大家更好的理解两个hooks。
不知道大家在什么情况下会考虑使用useMemo,你是不是这么想的?
你为什么要用useMemo?

啥是useMemo?

1.跳过代价昂贵的重新计算
2.跳过组件的重渲染
3.记忆另一个Hook的依赖
核心源码
只挑重点,转换为白话,减少源码带来的恐惧感,请各位客官放心食用~
function areHookInputsEqual( nextDeps: Array, prevDeps: Array | null,): boolean { // 省略部分 ... // $FlowFixMe[incompatible-use] found when upgrading Flow for (let i = 0; i < prevDeps.length && i < nextDeps.length; i++) { // $FlowFixMe[incompatible-use] found when upgrading Flow if (is(nextDeps[i], prevDeps[i])) { continue; } return false; } return true;}
function is(x: any, y: any) { return ( (x === y && (x !== 0 || 1 / x === 1 / y)) || (x !== x && y !== y) // eslint-disable-line no-self-compare );}为什么一个组件会重渲染它自己?

const Page = () =>- ;
const App = () => {const [state, setState] = useState(1);return (click to re-render {state}// Page是子组件,且没有props,里面也没有state);};
const Page = () =>- ;
const PageMemoized = React.memo(Page);const App = () => {const [state, setState] = useState(1);return (// ... same code as before);};
它们被作为 attributes ,直接地或作为依赖树的上层,被传递到某个 DOM 上;
它们被作为 props,直接地或作为依赖树的上层,被传递到某个未被缓存的组件上;
它们被作为 props,直接地或作为依赖树的上层,被传递到某个组件上,而那个组件至少有一个 prop 未被缓存;

避免每次渲染时进行昂贵的计算
这里暂时使用这篇文章计算的数据:https://www.developerway.com/posts/how-to-use-memo-use-callback
计算代码:https://codesandbox.io/s/measure-without-memo-tnhggk?file=/src/page.tsx
const Item = ({ country }: { country: Country }) => {return <button>{country.name}button>;};const List = ({ countries }) => {// sorting list of countries hereconst sortedCountries = orderBy(countries, 'name', sort);return (<>{sortedCountries.map((country) => ())}>);};

渲然后的按钮列表
const List = ({ countries }) => {const content = useMemo(() => {const sortedCountries = orderBy(countries, 'name', sort);return sortedCountries.map((country) =>- );
}, [countries, sort]);return content;};
常见的错误用法(重点)
初级
const Component = () => { const onClick = useCallback(() => { /* do something */ }, []); return };const Item = () =>...const MemoItem = React.memo(Item)const Component = () => { const onClick = useCallback(() => { /* do something */ }, []); return};
中级
const Item = () =>...const MemoItem = React.memo(Item)const Component = () => { const onClick = useCallback(() => { /* do something */ }, []); return}; something
// 以下写法均等价,也就是说在props中传递children,和直接children嵌套是一致的React.createElement('div',{children:'Hello World'})React.createElement('div',null,'Hello World')Hello World</div>} />};
const Item = () =>...const MemoItem = React.memo(Item) // uselessconst Component = () => { const onClick = useCallback(() => { //useless /* do something */ }, []); returnsomething
高级
const Item = () =>...const Child = () =>sthconst MemoItem = React.memo(Item)const MemoChild = React.memo(Child)const Component = () => {const onClick = useCallback(() => {/* do something */}, []);return ()};
const child =;
const child = React.createElement(MemoChild,props,childen);
const child = { type: MemoChild, props: {}, // same props ... // same interval react stuff}终极解决思路
const Child = () =>sthconst MemoItem = React.memo(Item)const Component = () => {const onClick = useCallback(() => {/* do something */}, []);const child = useMemo(()=>,[]) return ({child})};
你应该在所有地方加上useMemo吗?
你明确知道这个计算非常的昂贵,而且它的依赖关系很少改变。
如果当前的计算结果将作为memo包裹组件的props传递。计算结果没有改变,可以利用useMemo缓存结果,跳过重渲染。
当前计算的结果作为某些hook的依赖项。比如其他的useMemo/useEffect依赖当前的计算结果。
没了useMemo,我不知道怎么办了
例子
import { useState } from 'react'; export default function App() { let [color, setColor] = useState('red'); return ( setColor(e.target.value)} /> Hello, world!
);} function ExpensiveTree() { let now = performance.now(); while (performance.now() - now < 100) { // Artificial delay -- do nothing for 100ms } return I am a very slow component tree.
;}解决方案1:状态下移
export default function App() { let [color, setColor] = useState('red'); return ( setColor(e.target.value)} /> Hello, world!
);}export default function App() { return ( <> Hello, world!
> );}解决方案2:内容提升
export default function App() { let [color, setColor] = useState('red'); return ( setColor(e.target.value)} /> Hello, world!
);}export default function App() { return ( Hello, world!
);} function ColorPicker({ children }) { let [color, setColor] = useState("red"); return ( setColor(e.target.value)} /> {children} );}总结
为什么一定要移除?

图源自:Dominik【ReactJs • TypeScript • Father of two】
React团队的看法
原视频链接:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lGEMwh32soc&t=620s



最后
「不知道行不行,但是感觉这里需要memo一下,用了指定能优化,就算不行也没啥影响」
「需要对数据处理,量好像还挺多,且不怎么需要变化,符合memo的能力」
「数据处理起来很麻烦,写方法不乐意,memo好像可以帮我套一层用方法的写法返回数据,真不戳」
参考文章:
这些文章都非常优秀,可以帮助您更好的了解useMemo的正确使用
https://react.dev/reference/react/useMemo
https://react.dev/reference/react/memo#memo
https://tkdodo.eu/blog/the-uphill-battle-of-memoization
https://www.developerway.com/posts/how-to-use-memo-use-callback
https://overreacted.io/before-you-memo/
https://kentcdodds.com/blog/what-is-jsx
https://kentcdodds.com/blog/optimize-react-re-renders