1.什么是liquibase？

Liquibase是一个用于跟踪、管理和应用数据库变化的开源的数据库重构工具。它将所有数据库的变化（包括结构和数据）都保存在 changelog 文件中，便于版本控制，它的目标是提供一种数据库类型无关的解决方案，通过执行 schema 类型的文件来达到迁移。

Liquibase 特性

支持几乎所有主流的数据库，如 MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, Sql Server, DB2 等；
支持多开发者的协作维护；
日志文件支持多种格式，如 XML, YAML, JSON, SQL等；
支持上下文相关逻辑
生成数据库变更文档
支持多种运行方式，如命令行、Spring 集成、Maven 插件、Gradle 插件等。

2.环境准备

version: '3'services:  mysql:    image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/zhengqing/mysql:5.7    container_name: mysql_3306    restart: unless-stopped    volumes:      - "./mysql/my.cnf:/etc/mysql/my.cnf"      - "./mysql/init-file.sql:/etc/mysql/init-file.sql"      - "./mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql"#      - "./mysql/conf.d:/etc/mysql/conf.d"      - "./mysql/log/mysql/error.log:/var/log/mysql/error.log"      - "./mysql/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d" # init sql script directory -- tips: it can be excute  when `/var/lib/mysql` is empty    environment:                        # set environment,equals docker run -e      TZ: Asia/Shanghai      LANG: en_US.UTF-8      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: root         # set root password      MYSQL_DATABASE: root              # init database name    ports:                              # port mappping      - "3306:3306"

注意my.cnf在windows系统必须为只读，否则忽略

docker-compose -f docker-compose.yml -p mysql57 up -d

3.代码工程

实验目标

实验mysql数据初始化

pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">    <parent>        <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parentartifactId>        <version>3.2.1version>    parent>    <modelVersion>4.0.0modelVersion>
    <artifactId>LiquibaseartifactId>
    <properties>        <maven.compiler.source>17maven.compiler.source>        <maven.compiler.target>17maven.compiler.target>    properties>    <dependencies>

        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webartifactId>        dependency>
        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-testartifactId>            <scope>testscope>        dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>            <artifactId>spring-boot-autoconfigureartifactId>        dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbcartifactId>        dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.liquibasegroupId>            <artifactId>liquibase-coreartifactId>        dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>mysqlgroupId>            <artifactId>mysql-connector-javaartifactId>            <version>8.0.33version>        dependency>    dependencies>    <build>        <plugins>            <plugin>                <groupId>org.liquibasegroupId>                <artifactId>liquibase-maven-pluginartifactId>                <configuration>                                        <outputChangeLogFile>${basedir}/src/main/resources/liquibase/generate/changeLog.xmloutputChangeLogFile>                                        <driver>com.mysql.jdbc.Driverdriver>                    <url>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/demo?useSSL=falseurl>                    <username>rootusername>                    <password>rootpassword>                    <dropFirst>falsedropFirst>                    <verbose>trueverbose>                    <logging>debuglogging>                    <promptOnNonLocalDatabase>falsepromptOnNonLocalDatabase>                    <outputFileEncoding>UTF-8outputFileEncoding>                    <propertyFileWillOverride>truepropertyFileWillOverride>                configuration>            plugin>        plugins>    build>project>

applocation.properties

spring.datasource.url = jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/demo?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true&allowMultiQueries=true&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&serverTimezone=GMT%2B8&useSSL=falsespring.datasource.username = rootspring.datasource.password = rootspring.datasource.driver-class-name = com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
spring.liquibase.change-log = classpath:liquibase/master.xmlspring.liquibase.contexts = dev

changlog配置目录

也可以使用插件生成，如下图所示

以上只是一些关键代码，所有代码请参见下面代码仓库

代码仓库

https://github.com/Harries/springboot-demo(liquibase）

4.测试

启动Spring Boot应用程序，查看启动日志

2024-08-05T14:36:52.691+08:00 INFO 26572 --- [ main] liquibase.changelog : Reading from demo.databasechangelogDatabase is up to date, no changesets to execute2024-08-05T14:36:52.730+08:00 INFO 26572 --- [ main] liquibase.changelog : Reading from demo.databasechangelog2024-08-05T14:36:52.737+08:00 INFO 26572 --- [ main] liquibase.util : UPDATE SUMMARY2024-08-05T14:36:52.737+08:00 INFO 26572 --- [ main] liquibase.util : Run: 02024-08-05T14:36:52.737+08:00 INFO 26572 --- [ main] liquibase.util : Previously run: 12024-08-05T14:36:52.737+08:00 INFO 26572 --- [ main] liquibase.util : Filtered out: 02024-08-05T14:36:52.737+08:00 INFO 26572 --- [ main] liquibase.util : -------------------------------2024-08-05T14:36:52.737+08:00 INFO 26572 --- [ main] liquibase.util : Total change sets: 12024-08-05T14:36:52.738+08:00 INFO 26572 --- [ main] liquibase.util : Update summary generated2024-08-05T14:36:52.755+08:00 INFO 26572 --- [ main] liquibase.lockservice : Successfully released change log lock2024-08-05T14:36:52.757+08:00 INFO 26572 --- [ main] liquibase.command : Command execution complete

因为我之前已经启动过一次，sql已经被执行了，所以第二次不会再执行。Liquibase默认会生成databasechangelog和databasechangeloglock表（记录变更日志）

5.引用

https://docs.liquibase.com/home.html
http://www.liuhaihua.cn/archives/711043.html

Spring Boot集成liquibase快速入门Demo